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ON THREE Presents . . .

MicrO'Sci Disk Drives

MICRO-SCI

Every once in a while a product appears that is so good ON THREE decides to offer it for sale to our
readers. The Micro-Sci line of disk drives (and the Gameport ///) are the first of these superior type
products. Byte for byte, these drives offer greater speed and more value than any comparable drive on
the market today. If you are looking into purchasing an external disk drive for your ///, ON THREE
encourages you to look into this fantastic product line.

Expanding disk storage on the Apple /// can be an expensive proposition.

But Micro-Sci has a better proposition for you, because our disk drives for the Apple /// give you
greater capacity and performance for every dollar spent.

And there are no compatibility problems. The A3 is a direct replacement for Disk /// drives, and the
70-track A73 and 140-track A143 are supplied with a driver that is easily added to the SOS driver
module, affording extra storage and fast seek rates for all of the programs that run under SOS.

Talk about compatible! All three are the same size as your built-in drive and they use the same
diskettes!

Are all of your slots full? Don't worry, these drives plug right into the back of your /// and they don't
need a power cord! Up to three extra disk drives can be daisy-chained and they can be mixed in any
combination of Disk ///, A3, A73 or A143.

The A3 offers identical capacity to the Disk /// and is an excellent choice for a second disk
compatibility in the Apple ][ emulation mode.

At 286 KBytes, the A73 has double the capacity of the Disk /// while the A143 packs 572 KBytes of
data onto a diskette. With over half a megabyte of storage space, the A143 makes a truly viable
backup device for the Profile Hard Disk.

With that large a capacity, many people find that they don^t need a hard disk! Since up to three
A143's can be used with your ///, you can have over one and three quarter megabytes of data on-line
at all times!

ON THREE is pleased to announce the following low, low prices on these great disk drives.

Suggested List Price:

$379

A73

$529

A143

$659

ON THREE Price:

$299

$409

$509

Savings

$80

$120

$150

To order, use the attached envelope and add $6.50 for postage and handling for each drive ordered.
Please allow four weeks for delivery.

Gameport ///

You don't have to be chained to your job, and neither does your Apple ///. After the working day is
done, release your computer into the exhilarating world of adventure and challenge with a Gameport
/// from Micro-Sci, The new Gameport /// game controller adapter lets you use game paddles,
joysticks and all your favorite Apple ][ amusement packages with your Apple /// computer. The
Gameport /// is easy to use and simple to install - your only challenge is to conquer the invaders!

The Gameport ///

• Allows all games written for the Apple ][ to be used on the Apple ///.

• Works with all Apple ][ game paddles and joysticks.

• Allows programs which require a game I/O protection key to run in Apple ][ emulation mode.

• Can be installed in any slot.

• Does not interfere with the normal operation of the Apple ///.

• Package includes: Gameport /// board, Apple ][ Emulation Modification Diskette and complete,
easy-to-follow instructions (Apple ][ game controllers not included).

ON THREE proudly sells the Gam^eport /// by Micro-Sci. For only $59.95 you can now get the best
that the Apple /// and the Apple ][ has to offer. That's $15 off the suggested list price so don't be left
out, place your order today! Please use the attached envelope for ordering and remember to add $2.50
for postage and handling.

ON THREE

III

TABLE OF CONTENTS

III

The Editor's Block:

Bob Consorti

Ask THREE:

(Letters to the F^ditor)

///

FEATURES

III

DOS
File List:

Bob Consorti

Changing the Character of the
Apple Dot Matrix Printer:

Timothy S. Smith 13

Assembling (ON) the ///:

Martin Nichols

Products Received:

. 17 Some new, some old — all good

.19

///

DEPARTMENTS

III

WPL Tutorial:

Use it! _

Bob Consorti . . .

/// to the Max:

Making those horses run!
Al Evans

REVIEW ON: Everything

Pkaso, Quick & Easy Data Master,
ProFile & Backup ///, Critical
Path Scheduhng
Bob Consorti 24

Three Shorts — Fini!

More graphic demos for your
Devin Sexson

Micro-Sci disk drives, Gameport /// Inside Front Cover

Lazarus ///, ON THREE O'Clock,

Disk Of the Month #1 & #2 Inside Back Cover

Next Month in ON THREE

Disk Verify+ . . . Formatting disks from Basic . . . Keyboard Change . . .Color fix. . .Paddle fix
. . . Reviews: GL-PLUS, MICROTEK Dumpling, VersaForm, Stock Portfolio System . . .
tutorials . . . and more!

April-May, 1983
Volume 1 Number 3

Editor/Publisher:

Bob Consorti

Managing Consultant:

Joseph Consorti

Cover Design and Artwork:

Wilham V. Padula
Cranford, New Jersey

Interior Artwork:

Virginia Carol

Typesetting Services:

The Typesetting Company
Van Nuys, Cahfornia

Printing Services:

Ojai Printing &
Pubhshing Company
Ojai, Cahfornia

ON THREE - THE Reference Source for the
Apple is published somewhat monthly by ON
THREE, P.O. Box ,S825, Ventura, California 93006.
P\)r a copy of our Author Guidelines, please send a
self-addressed stamped envelope (20 cents) to the
above address.

Subscription information: U.S. - $.'U) for 12 issues.
For first class mail, please remit an extra $10.

All foreign subscriptions should include additional
postage in the following amounts:

$8 for Canada and Mexico
$12 for Central America - Caribbean
$16 for South America - Europe - Africa
$19 for Asia - Pacific Islands - Australia

Funds should be remitted in either U.S. dollars
drawn on a U.S. bank. International Money Order,
or by a direct bank draft.

( I roup Rates are as follows:

2 - 9 members, $28 per subscription

10-49 members, $25 per subscription

50 + members, $22 per subscription

(^iroup purchases must have one mailing address.

Return postage must accompany all manuscripts,

drawings, and diskettes submitted if they are to be

returned, and no responsibility can be assumed for

unsolicited materials.

All letters sent to ON THREE will be treated as
unconditionally assigned for publication and are
subject to ON three's right to edit and com-
ment editorially.

Dealer inquiries are welcomed. Please write to the
above address for volume pricing and terms.

ON THREE is a registered trademark of ON
THREE. Apple, Apple 1| , Apple ///, Disk // / and
ProFile are all registered trademarks of Apple
('omputer, Inc. Micro-Sci, Gameport /// are regis-
tered trademarks of Standun Controls, Inc. ON
THREE O'clock and Lazarus // / are registered
trademarks of ON THREE - The Apple ///
Magazine. Opinions expressed in this magazine
are those of the individual authors and not neces-
sarily those of ON THREE. Entire contents
copyright ' 1982, 1983 by ON THREE. All rights
reserved.

ON THREE

/// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// ///

///

The Editor's Block:

Bob Consorti

III ell, we're back asaini Thanks for all of your support, I don't
lAJ know how we would do it without your help. Vet, even with
the tremendous support Apple /// users have siven us, puttins
together a quality publication is both hard work and time-
consuming. For those of you wondering, we will go to a monthly
format as soon as possible.

The biggest problem we have encountered to date is in getting
enough articles to fill up an issue. Since I'm sure we all want to see
an issue a month very soon, I am requesting that if you can submit
an article, please do. We need your help!

Now that my blood pressure has gone down a bit, let me
introduce you to ON THREE'S latest products. Joining the ever
popular ON THREE O'Clock and the DOM *1 are SIX new
products!

Are you looking into buying another disk drive? Have we got a
deal for you! ON THREE is proud to announce that we sre now
selling the Micro-Sci line of disk drives for the Apple ///.Very easy
to install and use, these drives don't use up a slot and are com-
pletely compatible with all Apple /// programs. The A1 43 packs
572K Bytes of data onto a diskette. That's over half a megabyte!

If you have a ProFile and are tired of wasting two hours and 40
floppy disks to back it up, Micro-Sci disk drives are just what
you've been waiting for. And if you don't have a hard disk but feel
limited by the standard old 140K disk drives, try out the A143 -
you'll love it!

Sounds pretty good, nght? Well the bottom line is the price.
Only $509 for over half a megabyte of fast data storage. If you dre
just looking for a second 140K floppy disk drive, the A3 is a direct
replacement for the Disk /// and is pnced at only $299. Last but
not least, the A73 provides double the storage of the standard
Apple drive and costs just $409.

A more complete description of these three disk drives is found
on the inside front cover. Check them out, you'll be glad you did!

Three down, three to go! The next new product is the Game-
port/// byMicro-Sci. It letsyou use game paddles, joysticks and
ALL your favorite Apple ][ amusement software with your Apple
///. Easy to install and use, ON THREE offers the Gameport /// for
only $59.95. See the inside front cover for more details.

The next to last item is the second Disk Of the Month! Following
our commitment to bringing you the best products at the lowest
possible price, it contains all the useful programs in this month's
issue, and is priced at only $9.95. You can now list Apple ][ files
from your /// as well as changing the characters of your Apple
DMP or Prowriter. What a buy!

Last and certainly not least is the most important Apple ///
utility that will ever come out. I'm talking about none other than
Lazarus ///, the package that will recover the files you acciden-
tally deleted.

Following Murphy's Law, the one file you accidentally delete
wi 1 1 be the only one you haven't ever backed up. With Lazarus ///
you will never again have to retype months and months of impor-
tant data. Just insert the diskette with the deleted files and Lazarus
/// will recover it.

Completely user friendly, this program has on-line help and
tutorial screens to give help to you novices out there. It even works

with the ProFile and other

disk drives! If you place

your order today, you can

get itforthe pre-introductory

price of $24,95. Similar programs for the Apple ][ have been sold

for over $100, so I think you'll agree with me when I say it's a steal!

See the inside back cover for ordering details.

Switching now to a more complicated subject, many people
have written to me saying that Apple has not been ven/ supportive
of the ///in the past. Most everyone also seems to think that Apple
is going to drop the /// completely. While even Apple will admit
it's having problems with the ///, they dre not going to 'drop-it'.

I won't try and make excuses for Apple, that's not my job. Let me
just say that they dre aware that there is a senous problem and they
are attempting to correct it. People ask me how and when, but I
can't answer that one. I n my present position I have access to some
information about future Apple /// offerings. However, I am
bound by non-disclosure agreements so I can't say exactly what.
But they are definitely commited to the Apple ///'s future, so
don't worry.

Now it's time to turn your back on al I the problems of the world
and look inside the latest issue of ON THREE. One of the things that
ON THREE does is answer your questions. Look over the Letters to
the Editor this month. There is a heck of a lot of information on
those pages that you can use. Talk about information, look over our
review section this month. Now that's a lot!

This month Timothy Smith shows how to change the characters
that your Apple DMP or Prowriter prints with. A very nice utility
program is included that lets your DMP print with any of the screen
fonts. Now your printer can use the fancy Gothic characters, or the
modern Byte character set. Any Apple /// screen font can be
used!

For those of you who want it, with the information and programs
in the article DOS File List, you can list the files on any Apple ][DOS
diskette. Just another handy uti I ity from the folks at ON THREE. Also
included dre some handy invokable routines by Martin Nichols.

Al Evans is back with '/// to the l\Adx'. In this article he showsjust
what makes the horses run! The long awaited WPL tutorial com-
mences this month. Here you will learn just what WPL can do for
you! In the next issue. Earl Curlson and Louis Hanson will resume
their popular tutonals.

Next time I'll show you a program to do a complete verification
of your disks and more. Martin Nichols will bnngyou a routine to
format disks in Basic, and maybe even a special on Pascal! Reviews,
reviews and more reviews. And would you beleive it?, two hard-
ware modifications for your ///. One to allow color in the emula-
tion mode and another to fix the game paddle problem. We will
even squeeze in an arti':!e on spreadsheet! ng - from Basic!

Before I leave you, let me put out a call to all Apple /// users
who think they know their machine: ON THREE is presently setting
up a HOT-LINE service to help Apple /// users overcome their
problems. If you know enough to answer questions, please write
or give us a call. In a very short time I hope to have enough of our
readers willing to spend a little time answering questions that any
Apple /// owner could dial a relatively local number and get
immediate help.

The editor's Block continued on poge 9.

April/May 1983

ON THREE

///

/// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// ///

Rsk THR€€:

(letters to the €ditor)

Dear Bob,

What a GREAT publication — ON THREE. Initially thousht you
were spoof ins about not havins enoush time to type in the
prosrams . . . thus buy the disks. But you're risht! These dre MUST
haves for the wealth of information contained thereon. The mini-
tutorials are sorely needed and dre the best yet to come out
specifically for the ///.

We have a situation which could be addressed to you or Louis
Hanson for a clue to overcome. Durins the past two years we've
worked up some 37 intesrated prosrams producins a neat pack-
ase "Municipal Tax Manasement Systems" for the local tax collec-
tor which produce the tax bills, keep track of ownership chanses,
maintain the assessor's records, post payments, late charses, inter-
est penalties, etc. We've marketed two sets so far, and dre receivins
inquires from owners of other brands of computers. As a result,
we're in the process of convertins the prosrams from the orisinally
written Basic to Pascal. The data base on which these were written
is a 2500 account BasicData file. We're wonderins if you know of a
utility to convert Basdata files to Pasdata files so that we do not
have to manually type the files all in asain. Let me tell you, THAT is
some chore!

Interestins clock you have . . . considerably different than our
Thunderclock. With the Thunderclock we've learned to date-stamp
a prosram with a little text file routine, thoush it takes several
seconds to apply. Haven't tried to access it in Pascal yet so can't
tell whether it can be done. Any thoushts on this will certainly save
us considerable expenmental time.

Yourfledslins "ON THREE" is movins risht to the heart of s^ttins
the best out of the ///. It deserves ALL Three'ers strons and
continuins support. You certainly have ours.

Very Truly Yours,

Coville Woodburn
New Hampshire

Dear Mr. Woodburn,

rm ver/ glad that you are enjoying the magazine, we are
doing our best to fill it with a wealth of information. I'm also
pleased to see that you like the tutorials. We are planning quite
a few more in the near future.

On the subject of the Basic data files, read pages 213
through 216 in the Pascal Programmer's Manual, Volume 1.
Here the description of the way Pascal handles different types
of files should help you find a solution to the conversion
problem.

You see, to convert a Basic text or data file to a Pascal format,
you must have planned out a file data and record structure for
the conversion. You can read in a record from the Basic data
file into the correct record format and then write it out in your
defined data structure format.

The ON THREE O'clock interfaces with SOS directly, no
special drivers are needed and no complicated date-stamp

routines are neccessary. Whenever you first save a file and
whenever you modify it, these times and dates are automati-
cally put into the file's director/ entry.

Your Basic programs can also use the reserved words 'DATES'
and 'TIMES' to provide you with an up to the second read-out
on what time it is. From Pascal you can access the internal date
and time by using the Applestuff Unit as described on pages
50-52 in the Pascal Programmer's Manual, Volume 2.

Thank you again for your support.

Dear ON THREE,

At last, a masazine and a sroup of people dedicated to
in-depth support of the fantastic Apple///! Enclosed is my check
for a one-year subscription. Please be sure to notify me when the
reprintoftheJanuaryissueisavailable— I definitely wanttoobtain
a copy.

All this enthusiasm, and I don't even have my Apple /// yet! I
expect to set it soon, though— perhaps this week. My enthusiasm
for ON THREE is because up to now I've been frustrated with how
slowly support for the /// has been developing. But the /// is
such a beautiful machine that I decided to "rough-it" and buy it
instead of an Apple //e. Now I find your organization is available
to help me over the rough spots. I have already passed knowledge
of your existence on to others and I will work hard at this in the
future because I agree the more support we can get, the more it
will benefit us all. (Maybe I can talk the local stores into a list of their
Apple /// buyers so I can contact them myself.) I also hope to
make contributions to your magazine in the future.

Incidentally, I am pleased to see so much emphasis on Pascal in
ON THREE, since that is my preferred language and one of the
reasons I'm buying an Apple ///.

So sign me up, and let me know when the January reprint is
ready.

Sincerely,

Hobart S. Cable, II
Ohio

Dear Mr. Cable,

Your enthusiasm is great! ON THREE is here to do just what
you say - help the Apple /// user over the rough spots. I'm ver/
glad we can help, so if you have any questions, please do write
again.

Gentlemen,

Finally there appears information on the Apple ///! Please rush
subscription information plus details on how I may order all back
issues.

Bless you for coming to the aid of us Apple /// users left
completely out in the cold by Apple Computer, Inc.

April/May 1983

ON THREE

/// /// /// /// /// /// /// ///

///

/// ///

///

Now maybe I can cancel some of those other Apple oriented
magazines that give only 3 or 4 pages of Apple /// info.

Thanks,

Charles Miller
Pennsylvania

Dear Mr. Miller,

I'm glad that we can help you. One of the big reasons I
started ON THREE was because I was sick of paying a few
dollars for a magazine with only a page or two of Apple ///
information.

To put it quite bluntly, I'm glad you're cancelling those other
subscriptions. It's really their own fault for not addressing the
needs of the Apple /// community.

Gentlemen,

On12Apnl 1983, 1 purchased a 256K Apple/// system along
with an Apple dot matrix printer and other assorted accessories.
One of the things which convinced me to buy was your premiere
issue of ON THREE which happened to be in the showroom. After
seeing just that one issue, I felt it was just the type of publication
which would help me get the most out of my system and also to
get my family involved. Sign me up!

A problem of interest to new buyers: Since I elected to buy the
Apple dot matrix printer, I needed a grappler interface to link to
the printer. At first, my salesman said I just had to read the manuals
to figure it out. As you are probably aware, this was not the case.
After spending most of the weekend scouring through manuals, I
was told the fol lowing Monday that my salesman had it on diskette
for me. Well, he came out and installed it for me and everything
seemed to be going smoothly. That evening, every boot diskette
with the grappler.driver on it locked the system up. We spent two
weeks swapping out systems, trying various versions of SOS,
placing calls to Charlotte, NC, moving the system from one side of
the house to the other, etc. Nothing seemed to work.

By accident last weekend, I happened to turn my printer on
the system was locked up, and voila!, it booted. After three weeks
the salesman making housecalls and me talking to all kinds of micro
we finally figured out. The Apple dot matnx pnnter has to be on
in the select mode in order for the system to boot without interven-
tion. I n other words, once you walk i nto your computer room, turn
the printer on and place it in the select mode BEFORE you try
booting your Apple/// up. Hopefully, this information will save a
of heartache and ill feelings after your initial purchase.

Enclosed will find my check for a subscnption to ON THREE.
Best wishes on new publication.

Sincerely,

Del Brashares
Alabama

Dear Mr. Brashares,

That's the kind of letter I like to hear! I know ON THREE has
been having some impact on the sales of the Apple ///, but
only letters like yours can assure us that this is really happening.

The note about the Apple Dot Matrix Printer and the

Grappler device driver is something that I'm sure many of our
readers liked to hear. I'm always amazed by the problems that
can happen when interfacing two different pieces of
equipment.
Thanks again for your letter.

Good Morning!

Enclosed please find my check covering the next twelve issues
of your publication.

After reading issue ^2, I suddenly felt that I was no longer
stranded on a lonely island.

I have owned my/// since last July, and have not been success-
ful in receiving any communication from Apple or for that matter
the dealer who sold me the machine. A search of computer stores
and bookstores for material related to my Apple are futile. I was
resigned to thinking that we who have the /// sre alon.^ and the
problems we had were ours to deal with alone.

Thank you for a fine magazine which appears to have the
necessan/ knowledge to solve the problems we have been
encountering.

Very Truly Yours,

Michael Gordon
Florida

Dear Mr. Gordon,

With the introduction of ON THREE, Apple /// users will not
have to feel alone any more. We're here to help you so if you
have any problems in the future please write again.

Dear IV\r. Consorti,

You have at least one more supporter in your efforts to get the
/// its due place in the microcomputer world. I also get Call-
A.P.P.L.E.andSoftalk, two fine publications, but their pnmary focus
IS on the ][ in its many forms and I long for some more attention to
my machine.

Do you have an effort to build a group library, perhaps one that
could be accessed by phone'i^ I can report that "Patching Apple
/// Pascal" (J. Jeppson,Softalk, Feb. 1983, p. 190) worked imme-
diately to make my ProFile the Pascal System volume.

In your review of Apple Writer /// you warn that it cannot use
more than 1 28K. This is an important bit of information that I would
suggest you include in your "Products Received" feature.

I am enclosing a SASE foryour Author Guidelines as well as my
check for my subscription.

Sincerely,

Harry T Hanson
New Jersey

Dear Mr. Hanson,

We are planning a bulletin-board type service in the near
future for those of you with modems. Your ideas on this subject
will be most welcome.

Dr. Jeppson's Pascal Patch does work very nicely. Just like
Quark's Catalyst, it allows you to put all your Pascal files on the
ProFile.

April/May 1983

ON THREE

///

/// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// ///

Dear Sir,

Congratulations. You have achieved that rdre blend of speaking
to many varied interests v^/hile making the total publication of
interest to everyone. I don't think I ever read a magazine from cover
to cover until your issue of ON THREE arrived.

I am enclosing a check for a subscription, clock and disk of the
month. I don't want to miss anything.

Again, thanks for filling a void for those of us with Apple ///'s
that havejust been waiting foryou to come along. I look forward to
future issues. I will also start promoting other subscriptions. We
can't let this grand start you have made wither and die for lack of
support.

Sincerely,

Patrick E. Thomas
Iowa

Dear Mr. Thomas,

Thank you for the letter, we are doing are best to interest
everyone. Since word of mouth is the best type of advertising, I
very much appreciate your telling other Apple /// owners
about ON THREE.

Dear t\Ar. Consorti,

Enclosed is my $30 check for a subscription to your magazine.

I have been using the PFS series of programs for quite a while
and I feel rather qualified, therefore, to be critical of the grade
pointyou gave PFS: Report. In my mind I feel that a B- is too low. In
fact, an A would be appropriate. I purchased both an Apple ///
and a TRS-80 II to test them side by side for an application in my
avacodo grove. The Apple /// won hands down principally
because of PFS: Report. The TRS-80 is now sold.

Kindly send me a copy of your "Author Guidelines." I'd like to
squeeze some time and write an article on how to make those
programs really work.

Let me join your well wishers in congratulating you on a fine
publication. There is no question you d^e filling a need so I hope
your subscription file becomes overloaded quickly.

Perhaps you are open to suggestion. Why not have a department
for novice owners'?' I'll bet general interest articles and instruction
on programming fundamentals, at a level that the novice can
might just be the kind of bait you need to get them hooked. Say it is
intermediates but pitch it to the novices. The experts can skip it if
want. Mull it over.

Sincerely,

Brooks Lyman
California

Dear Mr. Lyman,

Thank you very much for your recent letter. We are always
open to constructive criticism and I welcome your views on
the PFS series of software. I look forward to your upcoming
article submission.

Your ideas on novices has been duly noted and as early as
the June-July issue we will adopt some of these ideas. An entry

level column will soon appear to help guide the novices over
the sometimes rough waters of learning the Apple ///.

Dear ON THREE,

It was really nice to see the new publication dedicated to the
Apple ///. I thought you might like to know that there is a dedi-
cated Apple /// SIG operating online SOURCE at PUBLIC 21
DIRECT. The user group has been operating for over a year. We do
charge a membership fee of $20 and the SIG is closed to non-
members. I can be contacted through S^AAIL (to ST0823) for
membership information and sample SIG material.

The SIG maintains an online interactive bulletin board and a
twenty plus item data base containing programs and other matenal
for downloading. As an example, the data base contains an auto-
logon dialer for use with hard disk, and even a game. The bulletin
board provides an online interactive forum for exchange of infor-
mation, for example a notification of a soon to be released co-
processor card (emulates IBM PC), and for online help with Apple
/// specific problems. We maintain a listing of over 1 75 Apple ///
native programs (no CP/M programs) currently available. The
membership consists of some highly qualified programmers,
hardware types, business users, and even an Apple rep. or two.

ON THREE has received ven/ favorable reviews from our
members. Keep up the good work!

Sincerely,

Ernest Raba
North Carolina

Dear Mr. Raba,

I'm glad to hear of the Apple /// SIG on the SOURCE. As
Apple /// users we need to band together in every way shape
and form to help each other.

Dear hAr. Consorti,

Thank you for an excellent publication. I have recently installed
your ON THREE O'clock and I am very happy with it, thanks.
Another item you might consider offering would be 64K RAM add
on chips for those of us with 128K RAM Apple ///'s. There dre
many 200ns Apple compatible chips that will work with the 5 volt
memory board in the ///, all of them much cheaper than the
Apple pnce of $28/chip.

With regard to the question of utilities to edit Business Basic
programs that was raised by John Miller in the March issue, most
Apple ///owner's have a fantastic editor available in Apple Writer
///. This program can be used to global search/edit/replace as
well as insert and move whole blocks of Basic code. In short, all of
the features that are available to edit text can be used to edit Basic
programs, including all of the Word Processing Language. The trick
Is to convert the Basic program i nto a text f i le that Apple Writer ///
read. The following statement inserted as the first statement in the
that you want to edit will do the tnck:

CREATE "Program. Name",TEXT:OPEN#1, AS OUTPUT,"Program-
.Name",TEXT:OPEN #1 AS OUTPUT,"Program.Name":OUTPUT#1:
OUTREC=255:LIST 1 TO 63999:CLOSE:END

The procedure for doing this is outlined on page 33 of the Basic

April/May 1983

ON THREE

///

/// /// /// /// /// /// /// ///

/// ///

///

manual. The "Program. Name" should be different than the name
given to the original Basic program and should include the path-
name if you want the text file saved on an alternate disk dnve. The
reserved v^ord OUTREC sets the record length for the I isti ng to 255
rather than the standard 80 characters that appear on the screen.
This keeps the carriage returns from messing up the listing on
Apple Writer///. Once you have entered this line as the first line of
your program, RUN it and it will create a text file with the name of
"Program. Name". Now all that is left is to boot Apple Writer ///,
load your text file, and edit away. When you have finished editing,
save your file back to disk. To convert your file back to a Basic
program, boot a Basic Disk and just type:

EXEC Program. Name

The disk drive will whirr for a while and each line of text will
generate a ')' as it is being read into the Apple. When the disk drive
stops, type LIST and your edited creation is now available to be
RUN or SAVEd back to disk as a Basic program. Note that if you have
any unintelligible lines that Basic does not recognize when you
EXEC the text file, you will be unceremoniously given an error and
the whole operation will stop. You must then go back to Apple
Writer to find your fatal flaw.

There are some interesting things that can be done with WPL on
Apple Writer/// (ie. auto line numbering, subroutine libran/ inser-
tion, etc.), but I have found that the most beneficial use of Apple
Writer is with very long programs that require major surgery.

Now perhaps someone out there can help me^ I am interested
in getting FORTRAN running on my ///, but I have not found any
way to do it yet. Also I am interested in contacting/// owners who
dre using the Source. Perhaps we could get together and exchange
programs and tips, if so please contact me via SMAIL at CM 759.

Sincerely,

Enc M. Moeller
Montana

Dear Mr. Moeller,

Thank you for your letter, Tin pleased that you like the clock.
In respect to the 64K RAM chips, there is a small problem.

The memory boards for the Apple /// are not all the same.
The 1 28K machines that were shipped in the besinning had
three rows of memory chips. Later on, these were replaced
with a memory board that had ony two rows of chip sockets. If
both of these rows were filled you had a 256K machine,
otherwise you only had 1 28K.

Since you can't just plug in chips to the old 128K memory
boards to get 256K, there is no way I could offer a memory
increase update at this time. With the Apple /// CP/M card
you can run FORTRAN on your ///. However, you will have to
do quite a bit of patching to get it to work.

There is an Apple /// user group on the Source, it's operat-
ing at PUBLIC 21 DIRECT. They do charge a membership fee of
$20 and it is closed to non-members. Contact Ernest Raba
through SMAIL at ST0823 for membership information and
sample material.

Dear Sir,

Enclosed is my check and order for one of your ON THREE

O'clock's for my Apple ///.

In addition, I keep hearing rumors that Apple maybe discontinu-
ing support of the ///. Do you have any information as to their
plans with respect to the equipment and future software. I did
receive a letter which indicated a new version of Apple Writer///
with a speller package was coming out in 1983.

Also, I am comsidering upgrading my 1 28K Apple /// to 256K.
Do you have any recommendations as to how I might do this at
reduced cosfi^ I would also like to have CP/M capablility.

And, do you have any information on the DataFax file program
for the ///^ Do you have any recommendations on a good terminal
program to use with the Hayes 1 200 Smartmodem'i^ Do you know
of a Hi-Res Dump program for the Epson MX-100 with Graftrax'i^

Appreciate your assistance and will look forward to receiving
the clock unit.

Sincerely,

Richard N. McKinney
Illinois

Dear hAr. McKinney,

Trust me, Apple is not going to discontinue support of the
///, it is far too fine a machine. I do have some knowledge of
future plans for the /// but I'm not at liberty to discuss them.
However, what I know has convinced me that Apple is not
going to drop the ///.

The new version of Apple Writer /// should be available
within a short time. Likewise, Apple Speller /// will be avail-
able very soon. At this time the only way to upgrade your
machine from 1 28K to 256K is the Apple way - high price!

I also wish that Apple would lower the cost of the upgrade.
The actual cost of the chips and memory board is no doubt
much less than $250, so I can't see the reason for such a high
margin on this item. You should be able to get an Apple ///
CP/M card from any Apple dealer. Currently, this is the only
Z-80 card that works with the ///.

We don't have access to the DataFax file program for the ///,
so I can't give a recommendation on it quite yet. On the
subject of a terminal program for the /// and a Hayes 1200
Smartmodem, Apple has a number of good communications
packages for the ///.The one you should buy is contingent on
what you are going to use it for. Your best bet would be to ask
your local Apple dealer. They should know the one to suit your
needs.

Alpine Computing, Inc. sells a Hi-Res dump program for the
and the Epson variety of printers. We are going to do a review it
next time around. Check the 'Products Received' section of
April-May issue for Alpine's address and phone number.

Dear Sir,

I have recently purchased an Apple /// and an Epson AAX-100
printer. The salesman who sold me these, convinced me that a
interface card would be sufficient. Since that time, I have read
articles, including the Epson owners manual, which suggests that
we should hook up the Apple /// with a UPIC. Would you explain
the difference between the serial and UPIC^ What limitations will I
face with the serial card'?'

lam happy there is finally a magazine for Apple ///owners. My

April/May 1983

ON THREE

/// /// /// /// /// /// /// ///

/// ///

///

/// ///

///

wife and I are looking forward to your next issue of ON THREE.

Sincerely,

Thomas Spreitler
Illinois

Dear Mr. Spreitler,

First of all, I hope that you are talking about the built-in serial
port that the Apple /// has and not a plug in card because a
serial interface to an Epson is fine, I used the built-in serial port
to connect to my MX-100 for over two years without any
problems.

If you are talking about a plug in serial card that your dealer
sold you, I'd bring the darn thing back to the dealer and
demand a refund, because he is cheating you! If your Epson is
set up to receive a serial signal, it will work fine hooked up to
the built-in serial port and does not need another serial or
parallel card.

The only reason to buy and use any plug in interface card is
to connect a piece of hardware to your computer. Since the
MX-100 works fine hooked up to the built-in serial port, there
is no need for a plug in card except in the case that you are
already using your serial port to connect another item such as
a modem to your ///.

If you have any further questions, please don't hesitate in
writing again.

Gentlemen,

I am enclosing my check for $30 to cover a one year subscription
to ON THREE. For some reason, I had not heard that this magazine
was about to be published and I just happened to run into the first
copy at my local computer store.

While I am in the process of enrolling, may I also send along two
Items that you may be able to help me with.

My Apple /// is connected to a NEC 7720 Spinwriter. After
considerable experimentation I found that it would work fine if the
NEC cable was connected to the modem eliminator cable that
came with the Apple. However, the '.PRINTER' driver as originally
set up by Apple could not be used. Instead a more complete
description of the driver configuration had to be supplied by using
the '.RS232' driver and alternating the parameters, this however is
not my problem - as I said, this combination is now working fine.

In Apple ][ emulation this same set up gave continual data error
signals which I finallyascribedtothe fact the "driver configuartion"
in the emulation mode (which I could not access) did not provide
proper "handshaking" with the printer, so it overflowed the printer
buffer with data and stopped it. By choosing 300 baud when the
emulation disk is booted, and setting the printer for 300 baud, all
went well, but relatively slowly.

Can you offer a solution that will permit me to operate my printer
at 1200 baud when I am using the Apple ][ emulation mode'r'

The second item concerns my displeasure with a software
package - Apple /// Business Graphics sold by Business & Profes-
sional Software Company of Cambridge, Mass. I had a hard time
getting this package to print anything but when I finally figured out
the correct cabling, it transmitted text and numbers okay. I got no
help in working this out from Business & Professional Software.

I am still unable to print out graphs and the attitude at Business &
Professiona Software is that they have no time to get into my

problem, and besides, they don't have an Apple /// with which
to experiment! When called upon to produce a graph, several
pages of paper are fed through the printer before activity starts.
Then the graph that is produced is misshaped. That is, the axes sre
not uniform and the tics dre not evenly spaced. The points appear
on the paper but a line that is supposed to connect these points
will miss them.

I have tried everything that Business & Professional Software has
suggested to no avail and I just thought that you and your readers
would like to know about this problem with Apple /// Business
Graphics, thank you for any help that you may be able to give me.

Sincerely,

John Lomartire
Connecticut

Dear Mr. Lomartire

Unfortunately I can't give any real solution to your interfac-
ing problem in emulation mode, but I will put the question to
our readers. Hopefully someone will respond with an answer.
You might try pressuring your local Apple reps, to see if Apple
is going to release a new emulation diskette that could fix your
problem.

On the subject of Apple /// Business Graphics, I have had
similar complaints against this company and product. My only
advice here is to take the thing back to your dealer and get him
to make it work with your system. If it won't work for him,
demand a refund.

It's crazy to pay for something that doesn't work and I'm sure
your dealer will do everything in his power to rectify the
situation.

Dear hAr. Consorti,

First let me say that I am delighted to have ON THREE available. It
was and is much needed. You can count on my full support. I plan
to call attention to it whenever and wherever I can. Although I
certainly would prefer a monthly magazine, I would also prefer a
bi-monthly one as against none at all if there has to be a choice.

One suggestion and request. It would be nice if ON THREE
would let us know what isgoing on at Applethat is relevanttothe
///. For instance, it was through pure luck I found out several
months ago that the Utilities Diskette has been updated. And only
tenacity and perseverance at continually inquiring led me to find
out a few weeks ago that the long awaited SOS Reference Manual
and Device Driver Writer's Guide were available. Neither Apple nor
their distributors have been of much help in this regard. One
exception, it was through Apple I found out about ON THREE.

A question. There is an Applegraphics II software which allows,
in particular, one to do interactive 3-D graphics. As I understand it.
It IS in P-Code. I also understand that much Apple ][ Pascal software
can be used on the Apple ///. Would anyone know for certain
whether or not Applegraphics II can be used on the Apple ///
with PascaP

Re: things I'd like to see in ON THREE. A discussion of the
emulation software, particularly in relation to possible modifica-
tions. For instance, could the 48K limitation be removed'?^ There is
plenty more memory available, could a language card emulation
be written'i^ If not, I would like to understand why. Something else I
would be interested in reading about is a hardware modification

April/May 1983

ON THREE

///

/// ///

///

which would allow me to use a cassette with my Apple /// or
with the Apple ][ emulation mode.

Sincerely,

Andre M. Weitzenhoffer
Oklahoma

Business applications and accounting packages would be of
greatest interest to the undersigned.

Sincerely Yours,

Charles F. Schreiber, Jr.
California

Dear Mr. Weitzenhoffer,

Thank you very much for your support, we need all the
coverage we can get, and the best kind is a satisfied customer!
We will go to a monthly format as soon as possible, hopefully
by August.

In the future we will be telling you of relevant happenings in
the /// world (updates, new products, etc.). For now let's just
say that even with my connections it's hard to find these things
out. Thank you for telling me of the Utilities diskette update, I
haven't heard about it.

The new SOS manuals are great, if you were using the old
photocopied manuals, your programming life will be much
easier now! They are very nicely typeset with a lot of great
information.

Since the /// has the Apple ][ Turtle-Graphics Library UNIT,
you could use Applegraphics ][ on the /// if you had access to
the source code and could then re-compile it. Even if you
could get the source from Apple (you can't) you would be
under some serious restraints. Among them, only the Black/
White 280 by 192 graphics mode is available. The routines are
also much slower than the Apple ][ counterparts. You can't use
it in emulation mode because it needs a 64K system to
operate.

We are planning a series on the emulation mode and modifi-
cations to the emulation disk. I haven't studied it but I don't
believe that a language card emulation could be written due
to the format of the ///'s memory. Once we publish this letter
maybe someone could also respond about the lack of a
cassette port in the emulation mode.

If you have any further questions, please do write again.

Gentlemen,

THANK GOD! Something for the Apple ///! Please send it ASAP.

Thank You,

J.B. Moore
New York

I couldn't resist putting that one in!

Dear l\Ar. Consorti,

Enclosed is my check to purchase a subscription to ON THREE. I
found a copy of the January issue and am very impressed.

I encourage you to maintain the advertising policy indicated in
your open letter to the readers. This is one way a non-computer
expert will have to evaluate products offered by vanous manufac-
tures. At least one will know if they are advertised in ON THREE a
knowiedgable computer person has reviewed the product and
found that it does not contain matenal flaws.

Dear Mr. Schreiber,

Thank you for your letter, I appreciate your comments
regarding our advertising policy. We will have reviews on some
major accounting packages in the very near future.

Dear ON THREE,

If my information is correct, there dre approximately 80,000
Apple /// users throughout the country. Now, that's a user's group
of potentially immense power and it behooves Apple Computer
to inform that community of the existence of ON THREE. With the
recent drop in pnce of the 256K Apple /// and the burgeoning of
significant software, the number of ///ers should grow well
beyond the 100,000 mark, thus making ON THREE'S challenge
clean to produce the best and the most informative computer-
related publication around. You've made a good first step in that
direction.

Sincerely,

Michael Sexson
Montana

Dear Mr. Sexson,

At this point in time there are approximately 1 00,000 Apple
/// users out there. You're right in your assumption that there
is a potential for a very powerful user's group. With help from
people like yourself, Apple /// users will soon band together
for their common interest.

Sometime in June of this year, Apple will do an Apple ///
user mailing that will include a notice about ON THREE. The
problem is this: Out of 1 00,000 Apple /// users out there, less
than 20,000 have sent in their registration cards.

Since those cards are the only way Apple knows where
Apple /// users are, the mailing will reach less than a fifth of
the Apple /// populace. Therefore, if you know of other
Apple /// owners, tell them to mail in their registration cards.
It's probably the only way they will ever find out about future
Apple /// products information.

Dear Bob,

As a busi nessman I look on my /// as a tool that either works for
me, or is ineffective when used for the tasks for which it was
purchased. After a short, initial 'Software Shufle' my/// has per-
formed admirably. I am most satisfied. While I am almost entirely a
user of 'Pre-Canned' software, your publication will fill several
needs that have not been met by anyone else to date.

The first and most important of these needs is one that you
addressed inyoureditorial in the Feb. -March issue. That is, primar-
ily, to bnng pressure to bear on Apple Corp. to release all technical
info, on the ///, to help those of us who have spent sizeable

April/May 1983

ON THREE

///

/// ///

///

/// ///

///

dollars on their product to use it more effectively. Apple has not
exactly bent over backwards to assist either myself, or my local
dealer in answering several question/problems that have arisen
since my purchase.

The non-existant SOS manuals have been a major irritant to me,
as has been the non-existant Backup ///, and the non-existant
Clock/ Calendar. Now that Backup /// is online, and I am buying
your clock the minor irritants dre over. The major one remins,
however. Apple Computer Corp. still is considerably less suppor-
tive than the good software houses (State-Of-The-Art, and Quark
come immediately to mind), and yet I spent a lot more money with
Apple than I did on software. Have you tried calling tech. support
with a question? "This is technical support, all of our technicians
are busy right now. Please leave your name and question, and if we
getanyfreetime in the next decade, we will return your call . . ."

The second need that you will/are filling is the need for a forum
of ideas. At three dollars per issue, all I have to do is find one little
tidbit like Apple Writer ///'s I/O error as the result of writing too
many times to the disk, and your magazine has paid for itself. All
the other stuff is gravy!

Finally, just by existing you are telling Apple Corp. that we Apple
/// users give a damn what happens to the ///, and dre clamoring
for support. Thanks to you we now have our own 'Micro-Lobby' in
the hallowed halls of Cupertino.

Keep up the good work, I lookforwardtomysubscnption. Now
if you could just do something about that SOS manual.

Sincerely,

Ted Simpson
North Carolina

Dear Mr. Simpson,

For what it's worth, I think the only thins that can be said
about Apple's support of the /// is the followins line. Apple
has grown so big, so quick that it is having problems keeping
up with the demand for help in these matters.

Much of it isn't Apple's fault, their rep. firms around the
country and even the local dealers haven't supported the ///
as they should. I've talked with the people at Apple and they
are aware of the problem. It's just going to take some time
before it's corrected.

The SOS manuals are available now. You will probably have
to order them from your dealer though. The product number is
A3L0027. After working with them for a couple of months I
don't think they are for the average user. They contain much of
the technical details of SOS and are therfore hard reading for
most people. ///

Products Received: continued . . .
STOCK PORTFOLIO SYSTEM

The STOCK PORTFOLIO SYSTEM by Smith Micro Software is a
personal investment accounting, record keeping and control sys-
tem designed to provide you with the facts you need to make
informed investment decisions. It covers a wide range of invest-
ments, including stocks, bonds, options, multiple CD, bank, credit
union and money market accounts.

It IS menu driven and very flexible. Vou can let the STOCK
PORTFOLIO SYSTEM access the Dow Jones News/Retneval service
to get stock quotes. The terminal mode allows you to reach out

beyond your Apple for direct access to the nation's financial news
and other sen/ices.

The STOCK PORTFOLIO SYSTEM has a suggested retail price of
$185 and is available for the Apple II, Apple /// and IBM PC.

Smith Micro Software, P.O. Box 604, Sunset Beach, California
90742.(213)592-1032.

VersaForm

VersaForm is the Business Form Processor. Utilizing the familianty
and structure of existing paper forms, VersaForm accelerates the
speed and accuracy of processing information. Because it emu-
lates current paper handling procedures, VersaForm is very easy to
tailor to specific uses.

This package makes it possible foryou to doyour business data
handling tasks on a computer, using what you already know.
Instead of requiring that you enter the world of the programmer,
VersaForm works in the familiar world of business forms and deals
with your data just the way you do now - on paper, but with the
speed and power of a computer.

A complicated system, the VersaForm package takes a while to
get to know, but it is worth it. To be reviewed in the June-July issue.

Applied Software Technology, 14125 Capri Drive, Suite 4, Los
Gatos, California 95030. (408) 370-2662. ///

REVIEW ON: Everything: continued.

Equipment used in this review:

128K Apple///

1 external floppy drive

1 ProFile hard disk

Program: CRITICAL PATH SCHEDULING for the Apple ///

Version: Revision ^4, 4/6/82, Release 2.0

Contents: Boot and program diskettes. User's manual.

Programming language: Business Basic

Operating System: Standard SOS

Copy Protected: No

Disk Warranty: 90 days

Backup disk included: No

Cost: $495

The Bottom Line

CRITICAL PATH SCHEDULING

Performance: Good
Documentation: Good
Ease of use: Good
Error Handling: Good
Over All Rating: B

The Editor's Block:

Continued ,

One last item before I go. We will publish notices of any Apple
/// club or user group, so if you know of one - please tell us! The
more local help an Apple /// user can get the better.

That's all for now. Remember, if you have any questions or
problems that your dealer can't answer - Ask ON THREE! ///

April/May 1983 n

ON THREE

/// /// /// /// ///

/// /// /// ///

///

/// /// ///

DOS File List

by Bob Consorti

Many Apple /// utility programs allow the user to access in
onewayoranotherApple][ DOS files. But none of them (to
my knowledge) let the user see what files are on the DOS diskette.
To the average Apple /// owner this means that they must do one
of two things, 1 - Remember the exact file name, or 2 - Use the
emualtion disk to boot the DOS disk and then do a catalog!

Since Apple ][ file names can be longer (30 vs. 15) than their
Apple /// counterparts, the chance of getting it right is slim. Also,
booting the emulation disk takes time and is a big hassle. What's a
poor Apple /// user to do^

The answer is quite simple - read on! Since the utility programs
mentioned above usually are written in Pascal I wrote a routine in
that language that allows you to list the files on a DOS 3.3 diskette.
Justas in the last issue we will implement itasa UNIT so that all your
Pascal programs can use it.

Listing *2 is the actual Pascal Intrinsic UNIT that does the work.
Now all programs wntten in Pascal can give the user the option of
seeing the catalog of an Apple ][ DOS diskette. Like the SOS file
lister from the last issue, it will send the output wherever you want
('.CONSOLE','. PRINTER', disk-file . . .) and list the files on an arbi-
trary sized viewport.

Program Listing ^1 is an example of a Pascal program that uses
the unit to list Apple ][ DOS files. If you have been following along.
It IS very similar to the SOS file listing test program from the last
issue. Very simply, itjust calls the routine list_DOS_Directon/' with
the appropriate parameters and the unit returns after listing the
DOS directory (if possible).

The test program and the DOS file listing UNIT use many of the
same routines of the SOS file lister from the last issue, so I will not
go into details of how the program works. The Pascal structure of
DOS file entries was taken from the November/December 1981
issueofCall-A.P.P.L.E. Dr. Wowrote the onginal Apple] [implemen-
tation of the DOS file list, and I did all the Apple /// changes.

If you want to use this program and UNIT with your other Pascal
programs, first type in Program Listing ^2 and compile it with the
name 'DOS. STUFF'. Next type in Program Listing *1 and compile it
with the name 'TEST'. Before you can use the program, you must
first add the UNIT to your SYSTEM. LIBRARY.

Going through it step by step, at the mam command level
X)ecute the file 'LIBRARY.CODE'. When the screen prompts you
with 'Output file — ►', enter 'NEW.LIB'. Make sure that the diskette
you d^e putting 'NEW.LIB' on has enough room to hold the sum of
the old library and a little bit more. When the screen prompts you
with 'Input file — ►', enter '.D1/SYSTEM.LIBRARY'. Now type '=' to
copy all the libran/ segments from the old libran/ to the new one.

When the disk drives have stopped making noise, type 'N' to
choose a new file and then 'DOS. STUFF' and now press 'RETURN'.
Next look on the screen under the prompt 'Output file - ' and
find the first two slot numbers that aren't occupied. Type 1
<space> 1 St empty slot number <space> and then 2 <space>
2nd empty slot number<space>. Finally type 'Q' to quitand then
enteranycopynght notice you wantto include. Lastly, use the filer
to remove the old 'SYSTEM. LIBRARY' and transfer this new library
onto your system diskette with the new name 'SYSTEM.LIBRARY'.

Once you have correctly installed it, all of your programs can use
It. Now you can execute Program Listing *1 and test out the new
UNIT by cataloging DOS diskettes. If you don't want to type in the
programs, or don't have Pascal you can purchase the April-May

Disk Of the Month which has all the necessary programs in it. Once
again that's all for now. Next time, who knows'f^ I've been working
on assembly language routines that will enable programs to save
and load text screens to and from disk to memory, h^opefully itwill
be completed in time for the next issue. ///

DOS File List: Program Listing #1

PR06RAH DOS List;

{ 4tt««fftf«tt«ttift»tft#ttt«tf«ftff«ttt»*tf«ffft«f«*fff»«ff»ftfffffff«ftt«ff«
( t

{ t Diik Pik3: List it - DOS List Stuff Test Proqrii ! Copyright 1983 by
z : : !.- 1 ft THREE

by Bob Consorti ! April-Hiy, 1983

This prograi uses the Intrinsic unit 'DOS List Stuff to list the
contents of my DOS directory. Note thit'you can define the nueber
of lines to be listed per page. Thus, you can set a vieNport and
list the files according to the size of that text nindoH.

{ ♦#ft»«t»#ff#»#f»#####*f#«#t#»«*»#f ♦##♦♦♦###♦*#♦##♦♦♦§#####*###♦♦♦♦♦*#♦#

USES DOS List Stuff;

{ Contains the routines to list a DOS directory

{ You iust install it into your SYSTEH.LIBRARY. }

{ See article for instructions. }

{ Causes a beep on the internal speaker }

{ Sets the top of the currently defined viewport }

{ Sets norial video output (Wnite on Black) }

{ Sets inverse video output (Black on Mhite) }

{ The ASCII nuiber of the ESCAPE character )

{ HoMS the cursor and clears the vienport )

CONST Bell = 7;

Top_vie»«port » 2;
norial - 17;
inverse > 18}
Escape » 27;
Clear_viewport « 28;

TYPE Counter « INTE6EH!

VAR Out Path. Nui Str: STRING; { The output files )

In Rue, Error'code: INTE6ER; ( returned by the Unit DOS List.Stuff }
Lines on «indo«: INTEGER; ( The nueber of lines in the current viewport )

PROCEDURE Set titles;
VAR i: Counter;

{ Sets the lain page heading for the entire prograi )

BE6IN
WRITE (CHR (Clear viewport));
NRITE ('Disk Utility Pak3M;
eOTOXY (66. 0);
WRITELN ('Copyright 1983');
WRITE ('by Roiert Consorti');
60T0)(Y (6fi, 2);
WRITELN ('by ON THREE');
FOR i :« 1 TO 10 DO

WRITE ('

-');

WRITE (CHR (Top viewport))
{ of PROCEDURE Set titles }

END;

PROCEDURE Print Error;
VAR Ch: char; "

( Routine to print out the error lessage }

BE6IN

WRITELN (CHR (Bell));

WRITELN ('WARNIN6: Error f, Error code);

60T0)(Y (0.23);

WRITE (CHR (inverse), 'Press any key to continue', CHR (norial));

READ (KEYBOARD, Ch)
END; { of PROCEDURE Print Error }

FUNCTION Str_to_int (nue.str: STRING): INTEGER;

VAR Place_nui, Teepjnt: INTEGER;
i, Po5_cnt: counter;

BEGIN
Tup int:» O; Pos cnt :■ 0;
FOR I :> LENGTH (Rue str) DOHNTO 1 DO
BEGIN
Place nui ',' ORD (Nui str [i]) - ORD CO');
Pos cnt :■ Pos cnt + I;

Teip int :» Teip int + TRUNC (PWROFTEN (Pos cnt
END; "
Str to int :« Teip int
END; T of FUNCTION SEr to int )

D) ♦ Place_nut

PROCEDURE Get Paths;
BEGIN

WRITELN (CHR (Clear viewport));

WRITELN ('(RETURN for ".CONSOLE", ESCAPE RETURN to exit)');

WRITE ('Enter where I should send the listing -> ');

READLN (Out Path);

April/May 1983

ON THREE

///

/// ///

///

writeln;

IF (LENGTH (Out Path) » 0) THEN

Out Path := TCONSOLE';
IF (Out Path [1] > CHR (Eicapi)) THEN

EXIT TPROSRAH);
MRITELN CEnttr th9 unit nuibtr of the disk to list '),'
WRITE ('Built in disk is 4, 2nd drive is 5, etc. -> '){
READLN (Nui Str);
In Nui := SEr to int (Nut Str)
ENDi"{ of PROCEOURE 8tt_Patfis }

BEGIN { Nam prograi >
Set.titlfH

Linis on windon := 20; { There are twenty lines on this viewport }
REPEAT "
Get.Paths;
Error codt :« Oj

List Dos Directory (In Nui, Out Path, Lines on MindoN, Error code)}
IF (Error_code <> 0) TREN
Print Error
UNTIL (2 + 2 <> 4)
END. { 0^ PR06RA« DOS.List }

DOS File List: Program Listing #2

UNIT D0S_Li5t_Stuff;

f»«ffftttf*ift»«ft«tft«ftHf**f#4tf»ttftt«ftf««t««ff«t«ft4«*«t«tt4«f»««ff
f «_. _

I I Q d THREE!

* by Bob Coniorti I April-Hay, 1983 I

* This Intrinsic Unit gives any Pascal prograi the ability to list the

* files on any Apple ]L DOS diskette.

* Original Pascal definition for the DOS file structure is froi the

* the Noveiber/Deceiber 1981 edition of Call-A.P.P.L.E. by Dr. Mo. All

* Apple /// changes and enhancetcnts by Bob Consorti.

* Please read the article and the prograi List It to see how to install

* and use this Intrinsic Unit.
t

fff«fff«t«ttft««t#»*ftt«#f»«t«««f«f«««»it«*«f*4tf«««»f«4f««««f*tMf4ft««tf4

IE+ }

{ This coipilir option allowf for privatt files within the UNIT }

NTRINSIC CODE 25} { Only one staient; files are private to this UNIT }
{ because of the 'E+' coipiler option shown above. }

NTERFACE

PROCEDURE List DOS Directory (VAR Unit Nui: INTEGER; VAR Out Path: STRING;
VAR Line8_on_window, Error: INTEGER);

IHPLEHENTATION

tt«««ff«tff«*ffi«tfft#fff«f4«ff«f«i««»tf«tt«fff«ttfff4ff4f«ff4«fftf«f*«ft4

The procedurt 'List.DOS Directory' it PUBLIC and can be used by your
Pascal host prograi as follows:

INPUT to List DOS Directory:

1) Unit Nur- THc Unit Nuibcr of the disk drive with thi DOS disk.

2) Out_Path - Nhere to send the listing.

3) LinM_on_window - The current nuiber of vertical lines in the
viewport. Used to dettriine where to lake a
page break when listing to the '.CONSOLE'.

Output frot List DOS Directory:

1) The listed 3irectory.

2) Error - The error code (as indicated by lORESULT) for the last
coipleted Input/Output operation.

ttf«»4*f«««*tff*t«««fff«««ftf«ft«f«««4f«M«*Mf444f«*«Mf4f*«4M44*M«M«

PROCEDURE List DOS Directory;

CONST noriil » 17; { Sets norial video output (Nhite on Black) )
inverse « 18; { Sets inverse video output (Black on Mhite) >
t«c » 27; { Ascii value for the key 'ESCAPE' }
clear_viewport « 28; ( Hoies the cursor and clears the viewport }
Dos.iax > 30; ( Naxiiui length of i DOS file nan }

Byte = 0..255;

Dirrangt « 0..105; { Range of entries in a DOS directory }

Sectbuffer « PACKED ARRAY CByte) Of Byte;
Blockbuffer« PACKED ARRAY CI. .5123 OF Byte;

Link = PACKED RECORD { Used to designate track/sector coibinations )
Tracknui: Byte;
Sectnui: Byte
END;

Dosfilekinds ' ( DOS file types }

(Volinfo, Unknown, Dftext, Df integer, Applesoft, Binary);

( >*ai:i' foriat for the inforiation contained in a DOS directory entry }

DosDirentry = PACKED RECORD
CASE Dfkind: Dosfilekinds OF
Volinfo: { This is the voluie info }

(Dunitnui: Byte; Dnuientries: Dirrange);
Unknown, Dftext, Dfinteger, Applesoft,
Binary:
(Filejsl: Link; { Location of the files Track-Sector list )
Locked: Boolean; ( Designates whether the file is locked }
Naie: STRING [Dos tax];

Sectorcount: Byte! { Nuiber of sectors allocated }
END;
Dosdirectory = ARRAY [Dirrange! OF DosDirentry;

VAR

Device: TEXT; { Where to send the listing >

Dosdir: Dosdirectory; { The current DOS directiry }

loerror, Line^count: INTEGER;

{ If an error occurs, leave the unit }
{ with an appropriate error nuiber. }

PROCEDURE Trap 10 error;
BEGIN ' ■
IF (lORESULT <> 0) THEN
BEGIN
Error :» lORESULT;
CLOSE (Device);
EXIT (List DOS Directory)
END ■ '
END? { Of PROCEDURE Trap 10 error >

PROCEDURE Set Out device; { Sets the appropriate output file }
VAR i: Byte; " '

BEGIN
IF (LENGTH (Out Path) > 0) THEN
BEGIN
Error :» 7; (An illegal Pathnait )
EXIT (List DOS Directory)
END " '
ELSE
BEGIN
FOR i :« 1 TO LENGTH (Out Path) DO
IF (Out Path [i] IN ['a^.'z']) THEN
Out Pith [i] := CHR (ORD (Out Path [13) - 32);
IF ((Ouf Path <> '.CONSOLE') AND TOut Path <> '11')) THEN
IF ((Out Path <> '.PRINTER') AND (Out Path <> '.SPRINTER') AND
(Out Path <> '.PPRINTER') AND (Out Path <> '16')) THEN
IF"(POS ('.TEXT', Out Path) » 0)'THEN
IF (LENGTH (Out Patfi) < 11) THEN
Out Path :■ CONCAT (Out Path, '.TEXT');
(IIOCHECK- } " ■

RENRITE (Device, Out Path);
CLOSE (Device, LOCK)[
Trap 10 error;
REHRlTE~(Device, Out path);
{$IOCHECK+ }

Trap 10 error
END " ■
END; { Of PROCEDURE Set.Out .Device }

PROCEDURE New Page (Neisage: STRIN6);
VAR Ch: CHAR;"

( Proipts the user to press a key for wre files, or to end }
BEGIN

GOTOXY (0. 23);

MRITE (CHR (inverse), Message, CHR (norial));

READ (KEYBOARD, Ch);

WRITE (CHR (clear viewport))
END; { Of PROCEDUR£~New_page }

PROCEDURE Check console; { Checks for various options }
BEGIN
IF ((Out Path <> '.CONSOLE') AND (Out Path <> 'tlM) THEN

WRITE!'.')
ELSE
IF (Line count ^ Lines on window) THEN
BEGIN ■ " "
New_page ('Press any key for lore');
Line count :> 2 { Tne end of a page - so laki a new one. }
END "
ENDI { Of PROCEDURE ChKk.console }

FUNCTION Readtrksec (Trksec: Link; VAR Sb: Sectbuffer;

VAR lotrror: INTEGER): Boolean;
{ this function reads the sector nuiber 'Trkstc. Sectnui' fro«
tracknuiber 'Trkstc. Tracknui' on disk drive nuiber 'Unit_Nui' }

VAR

ilock: Blockbuffer;
Blocknui, Offset: INTEGER;

BEGIN
With Trksec DO
BEGIN { Coipute the half-block corresponding to the desired sector }
IF (Sectnui IN [0. 153) THEN

Blocknui :» Sectnui
ELSE

Blocknui :* IS - Sectnui;
IF (ODD (Blocknui)) THEN

Offset :» 256
ELSE

Offset :« 0;
{ Now coipute blocknui offset froi track }
Blocknui :> (Blocknui DIV 2) + 8 « Tracknui

A -I /M 4AOO ^^^' ^ ^^^^ ^'''^"c DO >

April/ May 1 983 Program listing continued on next poge. 1 1

ON THREE

///

/// ///

///

/// ///

///

{II-}

UNITREAD (Unitnui, Block, SIZEOF (Block), Blocknui){

lotrror :« lortiultl

IF NOT (loerror = 0) THEN

Readtrksflc :* Falss
ELSE
BE8IN { Write into tht sector buffer )
KOVELEFT (Block [Offset ♦ 1], Sb, SIZEOF (Sectbuffer));
Readtrksec := True
END
END; { Of FUNCTION Readtrksec )

PROCEDURE Displayentry (De: Dofdirentry)!
BE6IN
WITH De DO
BEBIN
IF Locked THEN

KRITE (Device, '§')
ELSE

WRITE (Device, ' ');
CASE Dfkind OF
Dftext: WRITE (Device, 'Text file');
Df integer: WRITE (Device, 'Integer ');
Applesoft: WRITE (Device, 'Applesoft');
Binary: WRITE (Device, 'Binary ');
UnknoHn: WRITE (Device, 'Unknoitn ')
END;

WRITE (Device, Sectorcount: 6, ' '){
WRITELN (Device, Naie);
Line Count '.* Line_Count + l;
ChecE console
END ■
END; { Of PROCEDURE Displayentry }

PROCEDURE Displayheaderf
BEGIN

WRITE (Device, ' Type');

WRITE (Device, ' Sectors': 11);

WRITEUi (Device, ' File naee');

WRITELN (Device, '

END; { Of PROCEDURE Displayheader }

PROCEDURE Displaydir;
VAR

Cuisectors: INTEGER;

Count: Dirrange;

BEGIN
Cuisectors :>0;

IF (DosdirCOl.Dnuientries * 0) THEN
BEGIN
WRITELN (Device, 'The directory is eepty!');
NeN Page ('Press any key to continue')
END ■
ELSE
BEGIN
Displayheader;

FOR Count :» 1 TO Dosdir [Ol.Dnuatntries DO
BEGIN
Displayentry (Dosdir [Count]);
Cuisectors :« Cuisectors + Dosdir [Countl.SKtorcount;
END;
WRITELN (Device);

WRITE (Device, Dosdir [Ol.Dnuientries,' files on disk, '){
WRITE (Device, Cuisectors,' sectors in use');
We« Page ('Press any key to continue')
END "
END; { Of PROCEDURE Displaydir }

PROCEDURE Catalog;
CONST
Nextlink « 1;

Zerobase ^11;
Entrylength«35;
Kaxindex - 7;

{ Relative byte 1 of directory sector is link to
the next directory sectory }
{ First byte of file info in a directory sector )
{ DOS directory entries occupy 35 bytes }
{ Naxiiui of 7 directory entries in a sector }

FUNCTION Eodirsector (VAR Index: Indexrange; VAR Dirsector: Sectbuffer;

VAR Entrybase: Byte): BOOLEAN;
VAR
Nofile: BOOLEAN;

BEGIN
Nofile := True;

WHILE (Nofile AND (Index < Naxindex)) DO
BEGIN
Index :> Index ^ l;

Entrybase := Zerobase + (Index - 1) ♦ Entrylength;
Nofile :« (Dirsector [Entrybase! IN [0, 2551)

end;
Eodirsector :> Nofile
END; { Of PROCEDURE Eodirsector }

PROCEDURE Fill_Dir.Entry (VAR De:Dosdirentry; VAR Eb: Entrybuffer);
CONST
Offset « 4; ( Relative byte 3 is the beginning of the file naie }

VAR
J, Kind: Byte;
Nonblank: O..Dos_iax;

BEGIN
WITH De DO
BEGIN
Filetsl.Tracknui :» Eb [13; ( Here is the track nuiber }
Filetsl.Sectnui :« Eb [23; ( Here is the sector nuiber }
Kind := Eb [33; { Here is the file type }
IF NOT ((Kind HOD 128) IN [0, I, 2, 43) THEN

Dfkind :« Unknown
ELSE
CASE (Kind HOD 128) OF
0: Dfkind :< Dftext;

:= Dfinteqer;
Applesoft;
Binary

{|R-}
{$R+)

l: Dfkind
2: Dfkind
4: Dfkind
END;
IF ((Kind DIV 12B)=1) THEN

Locked :« True
ELSE

Locked :* False;
FOR J :> TO (Dos lax - 1) DO
BEGIN ~{ Set the high bit Ion }
Eb [Offset f J3 := Eb [Offset + J3 NOD 128;
{ NoM. el innate any Mierd characters }
IF NOT (Eb [Offset * J3 IN [Space.. Tilde]) THEN
Eb [Offset i J3 :- Space
END;
{ Find the leftiost trailing blank in the naie field }
Nonblank := -SCAN (-Dos lax. <> ' ', Eb [Offset + Dos lax - 13);
{ Non blank«0 if and only if there are no trailing blanks )
{ Initialize the length of 'naie' }

Naie [03 := CHR (Dos.iax - Nonblank);

Space
Tilde

TYPE
Indexranoe '
Entrybuf+er

VAR

- 32; { ASCII space }
>126; { ASCII Tilde }

O..Naxindex;

' PACKED ARRAY [1. .Entrylength] OF Byte;

Sectorindex: Indexrange;
Entrybase: Byte;

Dir Link:
Dir"Sector:
NexEentry:
Entrycount:

Link;
Sectbuffer;
Entrybuffer;
Dirrange;

FUNCTION Eodir (Dirlink: Link): BOOLEAN;
BEGIN
With Dirlink DO
Eodir :« ((Sectnui » 0) AND (Tracknui
END; { Of FUNCTION Eodir )

0))

( Finally love in the naie }
NOVELEFT (Eb [Offset3. Naie [13, LEN6TH (Naie));
Sectorcount :» Eb [343 ( Here is the sector count (HOD 256) }
END { With De DO }
END; { Filldirentry }

BEGIN { Catalog )
WRITE (CHR (clear viewDort));
IF ((Out Path <> \ CONSOLE') AND (Out Path <> '11')) THEN

WRITE I'Writing.');
WITH Dir Link DO
BEGIN '
Tracknui :» 17; ( Beginning track of the DOS directory )
Sectnui :s 15 ( First sector of the DOS directory >
END;
Entrycount :» 0;
WHILE NOT Eodir (Dir Link) DO
BEGIN
IF NOT Readtrksec (Dir,Link,Dir.Sector, loerror) THEN

Trap 10 error
ELSE " "
BEGIN
Sectorindex :■ 0;

WHILE NOT Eodirsector (Sectorindex, Dir Sector, Entrybase) DO
BEGIN
HOVELEFT (Dir Sector [Entrybasel, Nextentry, Entrylength);
Entrycount :« Entrycount+l;
Filldirentry (Dosdir [Entrycountl, Nextentry)

END; { Of ELSE BEGIN }
WITH Dir Link DO
BEGIN "
Tracknui :« Dir Sector [Nextlinkl;
Sectnui := Dir Sector [Nextlink+13
END
END;
WITH Dosdir[03 DO
BEGIN
Dnuientries :» Entrycount;
Dunitnui :- Unitnui
END;
Displaydir
END; { Of PROCEDURE Catalog }

April/May 1983

Program listing continued on page 18

ON THREE

///

/// /// /// ///

Changing The Character

Of The

Apple Dot Matrix Printer.

(and the Proujriter)

by Timothy S. Smith

Introduction:

When I first purchased my Apple /// many moons 330 I was
very impressed at the ///'s ability to change its video character
fonts so easily. Then when I purchased my Apple Writer ///
program, there they were again, gothic, slant, stop and inverse
character fonts, but alas only for my video viewing pleasure. Then
recently I purchased the new Apple DMP (Dot Matrix Printer).
Hope of gothic characters in my text again appeared on the
horizon. But then I began to read the 27 page Apple DMP Owners
Manual. The DMP manual is by far one of the most disappointing
efforts I have ever seen from Apple. Yet, hope lives on in spite of
adversity. While I began to study the small folded DMP reference
card, I said to myself "what's this under character commands. Load
Custom Character(s)'^" Light at last!

With the sliver of support from the DMP reference card I began
to experiment with transferring the screen font data to the printer.
This proved to be very difficult since not enough information had
been provided with the "Operator's ManuaT'to operate this fea-
ture of the Dot Matrix Printer. After some investigation I found that
my authorized Apple dealer had the information I so desperately
needed, printed in an Apple products manual dated June 24,
1982. Oddly enough, I had found most of the data entry pattern
prior to gaming the additional dealer support.

Technical:

If you don't care how it was done and just want to try it, skip
ahead to "Operation". Before transferring the video font files from
the disk to the DMP you must examine the nature of the data in the
fi le. The video character fonts are made up of a matrix 8 bits high by
7 bits wide. This is illustrated on page 166 of the Standard Device
Drivers manual. In the font file for each of the 128 possible char-
acter representations are 8 bytes of data, one for each of the 8 rows
high. Because the screen is scanned from the top down, so dre the
font format bytes. The extra bit in each row, the high order byte,
determines the inverse display condition.

The normal DMP character font on the other hand is constructed
from left to right due to the mechanical action of the printer.
Therefore the bytes of data for the DMP are set 1 column of data at a
time. The low order byte is the top edge of the character, allowing
the high order (bit 7) to determine an underline. Which 8 of the 9
DMP print wires are used is determined by whether or not the
character font uses decenders or not.

I chose the Pascal language to construct the conversion program
due to It's extremely structured nature. This allows for faster more
orginized data transfer.

I n converti ng the video character font for the DMP the first order
of business was to create a matnx for the entire character set. An
array of 1 28 character definitions is read into memory. Each defini-
tion IS in Itself 8x8 bits. Therefore the array is CH [CR, Row, Column]
OF 0..1 , where CH is the entire matrix set. CR is the ASCII value of the
character defined by Row and Column. Each entry in the array is
either a or 1 (cell bit off or on). The font file is read using the low
level Blockread function. All of the Bytes are automatically con-
verted into a large single dimension array by the use of the, PACKED

ARRA/OFCI, variable. Once read into the buffervariable the font
cell bits can be transferred to the multi-dimension matrix array CH.
Now you have a complete character set in memory in bit image.
This bit image could be edited and restored in any order, even
re-saved to the same file from which it came.

The reason I have placed all of the font data in memory, as bits in
an dHdy, is so that the font cell definitions can now be saved in a
different byte structure. Remember the printer must receive its data
from the left side, not the top as the console. Transmitting the
character font from memory to the printer is now easy. Just play out
the bits in a different order creating a new series of 8 bytes for
each character. But wait, the video font is only 7 bits wide. The
console will automatically provide 1 dot space between charac-
ters, but not so with the DMP. The 8th byte is to provide spacing
between characters. When moving an inverse character set the 8th
bit should be set to 127 or 255 depending on the 8th (bottom)
print position condition.

Now before sending the font bytes to the DMP you have to get
It's attention, otherwise you get lots of garbage on the paper and
lots of paper on the floor as well. The Attention code listed in the
DMP reference card is <ESC> I. This is sent by printing an ASCII
value for escape (27) followed bythecapitol I character (or ASCII
36). The printer must first be opened like an interactive file, RESET
(Pnnter,'. PRINTER'). For a better understanding on printer access
from Pascal, review pages 163-164 in the Pascal Programmers
Volume ^1. After the printer device is open you then Write the
attention code to it (e.g. WRITE (Printer, CHR (27), T);). If you
intend on using the alternate custom font dred, ASCII values 160-
239, you must also precede the attention code with <ESC> - to
inform the pnnter your characters will be no more than 8 bytes
wide (e.g. WRITE (Pnnter, CHR (27), '-'),). If you send a custom
character set which will be wider than 8 bytes, up to 16 bytes
wide, you must precede it with<ESC> + (e.g. WRITE (Printer, CHR
(27), '+');).

After you have the printers attention you can begin sending the
<list> as the reference card calls it. This list is the ASCII code
definition byte, length byte and then 8 font cell definition bytes
(See illustration below). This pattern is repeated until the entire
character set has been transfered. To inform the printer that you
have completed the task an ASCII code definition byte of ASCII 4 is
sent. In the example program the character bytes dre transferred
using the Unitwrite procedure to avoid character conversions
done automatically in Pascal (See page 194 Pascal Programmers
Manual ^1).

Operation:

If you dre an Apple ][ owner you need a friend with an Apple
///. To use this program you will need an, Apple ///, Pascal, and
perhaps Apple Writer ///. You could also try your friendly Apple
Dealer. He may have already have read this. Ok Apple /// owners
here we go. To begin, the Pascal program in this article must be
typed into the Pascal editorand then compiled. No special library
functionswere used. After the program has compiled successfully,
execute the program. Your first choice is to [C]onvert a font file to
proper code for the Apple DMP printer or [L]oad a previously
converted file from disk.

April/May 1983

ON THREE

///

/// ///

///

/// ///

///

The conversion operation is simple. You will be asked for the
complete path name of a font file (e.s. .D2/RO/V\AN). If you need
further explanation of the path name see your Apple /// Owners
Guide or Pascal Prosrammers Manual. The next question is whether
you would like this set converted to [l]nverse or [N]ormal. Inverse
prints a black space containing a white letter. By the way selectins
Inverse for the Inverse character font is really stranse, because of
the 8th byte (See technici notes above). After making your selec-
tion the disk drive will whir into action and the display will show
(in standard video characters) the font characters that are being
converted. When this loading/converting process is done you will
be asked to choose whether to send the font data directly to the
[P]rinter orthe [D]iskfor later use. Sending the font to the disk will
not load the font into the pnnter. You will use the [L]oad option to
load the font from the disk to the printer.

When saving the font to the disk you will be offered the oppor-
tunity to create a text file for conversion to Apple ][ mode. Convert-
ing the Apple ///text file to Apple] [text as well as moving it to an
Apple ][ disk is easy, that is if you own a text transfer program like
the utility diskwhich comes with Apple Writer ///.This utility disk
when booted will offer you several choices for file conversion #2
of which is Apple /// files to Apple ][ files. This program works
best with multiple disk drives. It's best to use drive 1 for your
Apple ] [ Dos 3.3 formatted disk. To convert the font textfi le created
with the pascal program select ^2. Then answer the Apple ///
volume question with the proper drive ^ (and subdirectory path,
if any). The program will then ask for filenames. When answenng
these two questions remember the file naming rules for each type
of file. When in doubt use the Apple /// filename for both. Then
you will be instructed to place the proper diskettes into their
proper disk drives (e.g. Apple ][ diskette in Drive ^1 and Apple
/// formatted disk in drive ^2). Once moved to an Apple ][ disk
the process of loading the font from the disk to the printer is a
simple one. Just enter and run the Applesoft program in this article.

Once the new custom font is loaded into the printer it can be
tested with either program. The program will print for you the
complete character set followed by a message you can enter.
Great uh? Well almost . . . there is one drawback. Only one com-
plete custom character set can be held by the printer at one time.
The custom font will remain intact until the printer is turned off or a
new custom font downloaded. Run the program listed then try
Apple Writer. To turn on the new custom font print<ESC> '. To turn
itoff print<ESC>$. Ifyou are using Apple Writer you will need to
use <CTRL> V to imbed the <ESC> character in your text.

Now Byte, Apple, Roman, Gothic, Slant, Stop and Inverse char-
acter fonts can be pri nted on the Apple Dot Matrix Pri nter. Now it's
time to byte into the long awaited SOS manuals! Documentation at
last! 'Happy Bit Byteing' ///

Apple ][ Special Notes

Note *1 : Ifyou are using a Prowriter instead of an Apple DMP and
your printer will not accept the custom font, you will need the
addition of a 2K x 8 Bit Static Ram (TMM 201 6). Early versions of the
Prowriter were shipped without this chip, and supporting docu-
mentation for the custom font feature. This chip, about the size of a
common ROM, is placed in the only empty socket on the main
board inside your Prowriter. I suggest that you have your computer
dealer handle this process, unless you're very good insmall places.

Apple ][ and Apple ///. Many printer cards installed in Apple ][s
did not support 8 bit data transfer.

[ILLUSTRATION]

Printer "<list>" Data Format:

Prior to loading Select Font Mode (hAdx Size).
Send one of the following Codes to the printer:

[ESC] - Selects 1 to 8 bit character width.
Total of 175 possible characters.

(dec) ASCII 32-126
ASCII 160-239

[ESC] + Selects 1 to 16 bit character width
Total of 95 possible characters.

(dec) ASCII 32-126

Character Definition <List> Format:

Precede with [ESC] I

Loop Until Finished Transferring All Characters

1 Byte = ASCII Code

1 Byte = Length Code

n Bytes = Char Data (n = Width of Character)
<-

Length Code = Width of Character (1..16) +
32 if Descender Exists.

If Decender Exists pnnter uses Lower 8 wires instead of upper 8.

After The Last Character Has Been Sent Print ASCII 4 (Chr (4)) To
Indicate Completion of Transfer.

CharDownLoad: Program Listin g

PR08RAN Font.Movtrj

ffttif4ff«ttf«f«f«f««ftff«««««tf#«f«#f«fff««f4ffff««#«««ff«4ff«««t««tftf«t«i
f „ —

t CharDoHnLoid

* by Tiiothy S. Stith
f
f
t Thii pro9rii Mill download thi Appli ///'i icrttn font to an Applt

* Dot Hatrix Printer or Prowrittr. Filw lay be saved and then later

* retrieved for doimloading.
f

* Read the article for coiplete inforiation on hoM to uie the prograi.

ftfftf«f«44ff««f«f«#ff«iff«fft4fff«fff««f«4«ff«ffff««#f««f#«ff«f«f4«4tf4f«o

VAR CH: packed ARRAY CO.. 127, 0..7, 0..7] OF 0..1;
CR, Coluen, Ron,
Count, Tetp : INTE6ER;
Response : CHAR{
Printer : INTERACTIVE;

Note *2: The Applesoft prosram in this article is desisned to
work with the latest edition of Apple Parallel Interface Cards for the

PROCEDURE Send}
VAR Bits: CHAR{

{ Send Font bytes to printer froe latrix }

BE6IN
{IIOCHECK-)
RESET (Printer,

April/May 1983

.PRINTER')!

ON THREE

///

/// ///

/// /// /// ///

///

MITE ICHR 128));
IF lORESULT <> THEN
BEGIN
eOTOXY (24. 10);

ilRITELN ('Printer Not Available');
EXIT (Prograt)
End;
SOTOXY (25. 10);

NRITELN (' Downloading Font to Printer');
«RITE (Printer, CHR (27), '-', CHR (27), T);
FOR CR := 32 TO 126 DO
BEGIN
eOTOXY (40, 12);
KRITE (CHR (CR));

KRITE (Printer, CHR (CR), CHR (8));
FOR Coluin :« 6 TO 7 DO
BEGIN
Count :> 1; Teip '.* 0;
FOR Row :«0 TO 7 DO
BE6IN
Teip :» Teip + (CH [CR, Row, Colum] » Count);
Count :» Count » 2
END;
Bits :> CHR (Teip);
UNITWRITE (6, Bits, 1, 0, 12)
END;
END;
WRITE (Printer, CHR (4));
CLOSE (Printer)
{I10CHECK+}
END; { of PROCEDURE Send }

PROCEDURE Save; ( Save Font bytei to disk fiU (In Printtr Foriit) )
VAR FileNaie: STRING;

FontFili: PACKED FILE OF 0..255;

Two :TEXT;

Teip, Count: INTEGER;

Bits :char;

Appieii :boolean;

BEGIN
WRITE (CHR (28));
60T0XY (0, 10);

WRITE ('Enter File Pathnate For Saving :');
READLN (FileNiiff);
GOTOXY (0. 10);

WRITE (CHR (30), 'Savt in Apple ][ Text Forut (Y/N) ? ');
REPEAT

READ (KEYBOARD, Bits);
UNTIL (Bits = 'yM OR (Bits = 'Y') OR (Bits = 'n') or (Bits « 'N');
IF (Bits « 'y') OR (Bits « 'Y')

THEN Appletl :« True
ELSE

Applell :> False;
WRITE (CHR (28));
dlOCHECK-}
IF Applell THEN
BEdIN
REWRITE (Two. FileNaie);
IF lORESULT O THEN
BEGIN
GOTOXY (24, 10);

WRITELN ('Unable To Open File');
EXIT (Prograi)
END;
END
ELSE
BEGIN
REWRITE (FontFile, FileNaie);
IF lORESULT <> THEN
BEGIN
SOTOXY (24, 10);

WRITELN ('Unable To Open File');
EXIT (Prograi)
END
END;
WRITE (CHR (28));
GOTOXY (35. 10);
WRITELN ('Saving Font');
IF Applell THEN
BEGIN
GOTOXY (28, 11);

WRITELN ('in Apple // Text Foriit')
END;
FOR CR :» 32 TO 127 DO
BEGIN
GOTOXY (40, 12);
WRITE (CHR (CR));
FOR Coluin :> TO 7 DO
BEGIN
Count :« l;

Teip :> 0;

FOR Row :» TO 7 DO
BEGIN
Teip :» Teip + (CH [CR, Row, Coluin] ♦ Count);
Count := Count ♦ 2
END;

{ If Saving for Transfer to Apple ][ Save in Text }
( Not Byte Foriat }

IF Aoplell THEN
BEGIN
STR (Teip, FileNaie);

WRITELN (Tmo, FileNaie)
END
ELSE
BEGIN
FontFile'^ :» Teip;
PUT (FontFile)
END
END
END;

CLOSE (Two, Unprotect);
CLOSE (FontFile, Unprotect);
{IIOCHECK+}

WRITE (CHR (28))
END; { of PROCEDURE Save )

PROCEDURE Load; ( Load Previously Converted Font file )
{ froi disk and send it to the printer. }

Var FileNaie :STRIN6;

FontFile :PACKED FILE OF 0..255I
CH :char;
Count, Teip : INTEGER;

BEGIN
WRITE (CHR (28));
GOTOXY (0, 10);

WRITE ('Enter Printer Character File Path :');
READLN (FileNaie);
WRITE (CHR (28));
GOTOXY (30, 10);

{ Open File And Printer Device )

(IIOCHECK-)
RESET (FontFile, FileNaie);
IF lORESULT <> THEN
BEGIN
WRITELN ('File Not Found');
EXIT (Prograi)
END;
RESET (Printer, '.PRINTER');
IF lORESULT <> THEN
BEGIN
WRITELM ('Printer Not Available');
EXIT (Prograi)
END;

< Hove Font Froi Disk }

GOTOXY (29, 10);

WRITELN CHoving Character Font');
WRITE (Printer, CHR (27), '-', CHR (27), 'I');
FOR CR :»32 TO 127 DO
BEGIN
GOTOXY (40, 12);
WRITE (CHR (CR));

WRITE (Printer. CHR (CR), CHR (8));
FOR Count: «0 TO 7 DO
BEGIN
CH:«CHR (FontFile^);
UNITWRITE (6, CH, 1, 0, 12);
GET (FontFile)
END
END;
WRITE (Printer, CHR (4));
CLOSE (Printer);
CLOSE (FontFile)
(tlOCheck^)
END; { of PROCEDURE Load }

PROCEDURE Test; { Teit Cuitoi Character Font }

VAR Count: INTEGER;
Hessage: STRING;

BEGIN
WRITE (CHR (28));
GOTOXY (0, 10);

WRITE ('Enter Test Neiiage Line :');
READLN (Hessage);
WRITE (CHR (2S));
GOTOXY (36. 10);
WRITELN CTeiting');
RESET (Printer, '.Printer');
IF lORESULT <> THEN
BEGIN
WRITE (CHR (28));
GOTOXY (20. 10);

WRITELN ('Printer Not Available');
EXIT (Prograi)
END;
WRITELN (Printer, CHR (27), CHR (39));
FOR Count :»32 TO 126 DO
BEGIN
WRITE (Printer, CHR (Count));
IF Count = 79 THEN
WRITELN (Printer)
END;
WRITELN (Printer);

WRITELN (Printer, Hessage);
WRITELN (Print! "•" "'
CLOSE (Printer]

age);
(27),

CHR (36));

April/May 1983

end; { of PROCEDURE Test }

Program listing continued on next page.

ON THREE

///

/// ///

///

PROCEDUI^E Read Font; { Read Apple /// Fontfile Froi Disk And }
{ Convert TO Bit Hatrix Table CH. }
VAR FofltFile: FILE!

{ Untyped File FOR Blockread Function }
FiliPath: STRING)

{ SOS Fill Pfth - Catalog Path V File Nate }
Inverse: BOOLEAN;

{ Flag TO Set Character Font TO Inverse Node }
Buf: PACKED ARRAY CO.. 40953 OF 0..1;

( Input BuHer As Array of Bits )
BE6IN
WRITE (CHR 128));
BOTOXY (0, 10);

WRITE ('Enter Font File Pathnaet :');
READLN (FilePath);
SOTOXY 10,10);

KRITE (CHR (30), 'Enter As [Ilnverse or [NJorial ?');
REPEAT

READ (KEYBOARD, Response);
UNTIL (Response = T) OR (Response «'i') OR

(Response « 'n') OR (Response ■ 'N');
IF (Response » T) OR (Response « 'i') THEN

Inverse :< True
ELSE

Inverse :> False;
WRITE (CHR (28));
BOTOXY (32. 10);
WRITELN ('Opening Font File');

{ Open Fontfile On Disk }

dlOCHECK-}
RESET (FontFile, FilePath);
IF lORESULT <> THEN
BE6IN
BOTOXY (28, 10);

MRITELN (CHR (30), 'Unable TO Open Font File');
EXIT (Prograe)
END;
{IIOCHECK+}

{ Read and Load File TO Nitrix }

WRITE (CHR (28));
BOTOXY (29, 10);

WRITELN ('Converting Font Table');
Teep :> BLOCKREAD (FontFile, Buf, 1);
FOR CR:=0 to A3 DO
BE6IN
SOTOXY (40, 12);
IF CR > 31 THEN

WRITE (CHR (CR))
ELSE
IF (CR HOD 2) « THEN

WRITE ('»')
ELSE
WRITE (' ');
FOR Ron :» TO 7 DO
FOR Coluin:«0 TO 7 DO
Ch [CR, Rom, ColuinJ :* M ECR t M ^ Ron f 8 4- CoIum]
END;
Teep :> BLOCKREAD (FontFile, Buf, 1);
FOR CR:«64 TO 127 DO
BE6IN
BOTOXY (40, 12);
WRITE (CHR (CR));
FOR Rom:>0 TO 7 DO
FOR Coluin:»0 TO 7 DO
Ch [CR, Ron, Colum] :• Buf [(CR - 64) t 64 ^ Ron t 8 ^ Coluin]
END;
CLOSE (FontFile);

{ IF Inverse THEN Reverse Natrix )

IF Inverse THEN
BE6IN
WRITE (CHR (28));
BOTOXY (31, 10);

WRITELN ('Changing TO Inverse');
FOR CR:=32 TO 127 DO
BE6IN
BOTOXY (40, 12);
IF (CR Nod 2 • 0) AND (CR < 32) THEN

WRITE ('#')
ELSE

WRITE (' ');
IF CR > 31 THEN

WRITE (CHR (CR));
FOR Ron:«0 to 7 DO
FOR Coluin:»0 TO 7 DO
IF CH [CR, Ron, Colum] «1 THEN

CH [CR, Ron, Colutn] :*
ELSE
CH [CR, Ron, Coluin]:»l
END
END
END; { of PROCEDURE Read.Font }

BE6IN ( Nain Prograi }
WRITE (CHR (28));
BOTOXY (15. 0);

WRITELN ('Character Font Transfer » ♦ * By Tiiothy S. Siith');
BOTOXY (0, 2);
HRITE (CHR (2));

BOTOXY (27, 23);

GOTOXY (0. 10);

WRITE ('[£]onvert Screen Font OR [LDoad Printer Font Froi Disk ?');

REPEAT

READ (KEYBOARD, Response);
UNTIL (Response «= 'c') OR (Response « 'O OR
(Response * '1') OR (Response « '[') OR
(Response = CHR (27));
IF Response « CHR (27) THEN

EXIT (Prograe);
IF (Response « '1') OR (Response « 'L') THEN

Load
ELSE
BEGIN
Read Font;
WRITE (CHR (28));
GOTOXY (0, 10);

WRITELN ('Type [Escape] to quit');
WRITELN;

WRITE ('Send Font TO [P]rinter OR [DJisk ?');
READ (KEYBOARD, Response);
IF Response « CHR (27) THEN

EXIT (Prograi);
IF (Response « 'd') OR (Response » 'D') THEN
BEGIN
Save;

EXIT (Prograi)
END
ELSE
Send
END;
WRITE (CHR (28));
GOTOXY (0, 10);
WRITE ('Test Font (Y/N) ?');
REPEAT

READ (KEYBOARD, Response);
UNTIL (Response « 'y') OR (Response « 'Y') OR

(Response = 'n') OR (Response = 'N');
IF (Response*' Y') OR (Response«'y') THEN

Test;
WRITE (CHR (28))
END. { Of PR06RAH Font.Hover }

Apple ][ CharDownLoad

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APPLE DHP CUSTOM
CHARACTER FONT LOADER

BY TIHOTHY S. SHITH

l: REH ««■ PRINTER SLOT t

REN
REN
REH
REN
REH
REN
REN
REH
REH
SL «

REN

TEXT'.HOHE :D$ « CHR$ (4): PRINT DrHONON'

HTAB 12: PRINT •CUSTOH FONT LOADER'

VTAB 22: HTAB 12: PRINT 'BY TIHOTHY SHITH*

DIN A(768)

INPUT 'ENTER FONT FILENAME: ';F$

IF F$ « •' OR Fl ■ '?■ THEN HONE: PRINT DI'CATALOS": PRINT: GOTO 170

HO^

REH

REH'

REH

PRINT DI'OPEN "F$

PRINT D$'READ 'F$

FOR C - TO 767

INPUT A(C)

VTAB 12: PRINT "READING ■> ";
T ' INT ((C / 8) + 32): IF T > 96 THEN T « T - 64: INVERSE

PRINT CHRI (T): NORMAL

NEXT C

PRINT DfCLOSE 'Fl

REH

REM ft SEND FONT TO PRINTER tf

REH

HOME: VTAB 12: HTAB 17: FLASH: PRINT 'WORKING";: NORMAL
P » (49280 + (SL * 16)): REH <= DATA OUTPUT

(SL t 256): REN <» DATA READY STROBE

»♦ READ FILE OF INTEGER «
t# BYTE VALUES FOR FONT t#

DR « 49345
REM

REM PRECEDE FONT WITH
REH PRINTER MODE AND
REM ATTENTION CODES...
REM

POKE P,24: POKE DR,l
POKE P,27: POKE DR,1
POKE P,45: POKE DR,1
POKE P,27: POKE DR,1
POKE P,73: POKE DR,1
REM

SEND FONT DESCRIPTION

BYTES PRECEDED BY

1 BYTE ' ASCII VALUE

1 BYTE = LENGTH OF DESCRIPTION

N BYTES » FONT DESCRIPTION

April/May 1983

REM
REM
REM
REM
REM
REM
REM
REH

POKE BYTES TO PRINTER

CARD TO AVOID CONFLICT WITH

Program listing continued on page 23

ON THREE

/// ///

///

/// /// /// /// /// ///

///

nssemblinQ (ON) the ///

by Martin Nichols

Just as promised, this month I will show you how to do some
more fascinating things with your ///. Since they d^e just a
random collection of things I have been working on I have called
these assembly language routines 'Misc.'.

With this module you will be able to lock and unlock the reset
key so that a user program can prevent the computer from being
rebooted just like Visicalc and Apple Writer///. You will also be
able to reboot the system without having to press CONTROL-
RESET.

The last two procedures in this module allow you to selectively
choose the speed of the microprocessor that the Apple /// uses.
You can choose either Slow or Fast and the computer will then
operate at either 1 or 2 MhZ. You can use this to 'Slow-Up' those
fast listings and cataloges. Like I said last time, this one is for those
of you who feel that life is going by too fast.

Many of you can probably see the use of locking and unlocking
the RESET key, and possibly even changing the speed to slow
things down. But why the heck do we need this reboot thing'r* Well,
I wrote this one because a few buffered printer interface cards
loose their buffer when you press CONTROL-RESET.

Say you are printing out aver/ long listing of a Basic program to
your buffered printer. The computer sends the listing to the buffer
and the buffer sends it to the printer as fast as the printer can
accept it. The listing to the buffer takes only a few seconds and
now you want to write a letter so you insertaword processing disk
and press CONTROL-RESET. Bam!! The listing that was in the buffer
seems to have been erased and you get half a pnnt-out or less.

With this module you can do a reboot without destroying
information in your print buffer. Program listings *1 and *2 show
how easy it is to do this from both Basic and Pascal. The assembly
language procedures are listed in program listing *3. The docu-
mentation and test programs combined into one and dre listed in
program listing *4.

To use these routines in your programs, use the Pascal editor to
enter the assembly language routi nes in listing *3. Assemble it and
name if 'MISC. The file that the assembler creates will contain the
useable assembly language procedures, and its name will be
'MISC. CODE'. To show that this can be used as an invokable
module, use the filer to change its name to 'MISC.INV.

Program listing *1 is a Pascal Program to show you how easy it is
to reboot. Listing *2 is the Basic implementation. You can use
these routines just as they are described in the Basic Documenta-
tion and Test program. If you want to use them in Pascal, declare
each of the routines external procedures and use the Linker to link
them into your Pascal host program.

That's all for now, next time I will answer many readers questions
by showing how to format a diskette outside ofthe System Utilities
Disk. Basic and Pascal implementations will be given. Now ANY
program can give the user the option of formatti ng a diskette! ///

Assembling (ON) the ///:

Program Listing #1

PR06RAH Boot;

{ * Ri-Boot (Paical vfrtion)

( t

{ t by Hartin Nicholi

{ ♦

{ *

( ♦

{ ♦

( ♦

{ ♦

This prograi dtionstrattf hon to uie thi 'HISC asitibly
language routine ReBoot froi within your Pascal prograii.

A^ter coapiling this prograi, use the L) inker to link
the aiieibly language routine to this Pascal prograi.

COMST Return ■ 13;
Escape > 27;

Cltir.vieeport ■ 28|

VAR Response: CHAR;

Esc.Ret : SET OF CHAR;

PROCEDURE ReBoot; { t Here is the routine that allows you to t )
EXTERNAL; { t reboot without pressing CONTROL-RESET. # }

BE6IN { Nain oi Boot }

Response :■ ' ';

Esc Ret :« [CHR (Escape), CHR (Return)];

HRITE (CHR (Clear viewport));

BOTOXY (12, 12); ■

KRITE CPrns 'RETURN" to re-boot the systee, ');

mil ("ESCAPE- to eiit');

REPEAT
UNITREAO (2,RNponse,l,.12)

UNTIL (Response IN Esc Ret);

IF (Response « CHR (Return)) THEN
Reboot
END. { 0^ PR06RAH Boot )

Assembling (ON) the ///:
Program Listing #2

{ t Read one character t }
{ * froi the keyboard. * }

REN ♦ Re-Boot (Basic version)

by Hartin Nichols ION THREE!

REH t
REH t
REH *
REH t
REHf

This prograi deionstrates how to use the 'HISC' invokable
Mdule froi Basic. Any tiie vou want to re-boot your

REH t systei without prMsing CONTROL-RESET, you can!

REN *

teit:hohe:vpos«12

ON ERR PRINT'Can't find the invol(able!!!':END

INVOKE'Hisc.INVlOFF ERR

Esc.Rett>CHRI(27)^HRI(13)

PRINT U8IN8*80c'; 'Press 'RETURN' to re-boot, 'ESCAPE' to exif

SET Responsel

IF NOT INSTR(Esc.Retl,Responsel) SOTO 60

IF RespoRsef-C)«}l(13} THEN PERFORH ReBoot

HONE

Assembling (ON) the ///:
Program Listing #3

fHf»ffff»wfff»»*» un ttiiit » iitttt*f*»»t»»»t m iii n »ii m i m
f

t Nisc. Utilities: SpeedBoot(Un)Lock?

by Hartin Nichols

! Copyright 1983 by I
I OH THREE I
I April-Hay, 1985 I

These asseibly lanuage routines will enable your Basic or
Pascal prograis to re-boot the systei without pressing
Control -Reset, Lock and Unlock the Reset key to protKt
froi accidental reboots, and slow down and speed up the
speed of the coiputer.

To use in your Basic prooran, asseible thete routinn using
the Pascal asseiblcr, and then invoke it as you would any
other invokable lodule.

For use in Pascal prograii, declare each of these routines
EXTERNAL PROCEDURES and then use the linker to link thei to
your Pascal host prograi.

fMfffffff*ftfttwff*fff*ffWftM»a«**t**»*t*»*tfftMt«ta«ifff*ef

.HACRO Set

LDA 111

ORA Z2

STA 12
.ENON

.HACRO Reset

LDA tXl^ask

AND Z2

STA 12
.ENDH

.HACRO SOS
BRK

•BYTE XI

.NORO Z2
.ENDH

Close .EBU OCC

Hask .EQU OFF

Envrit .EBU OFFDF

Boot .EQU aF4EE

; This sets specific bits within

; a byte to 1.

; Use like this -> Set IBO.High

; This will set the high bit (17)

; of the byte High to I.

; This sets specific bits within

; a byte to 0.

; Use like this -> Reset iSO.Low

; This will set the high bit (17)

; of the byte Low to 0.

; Hacro def for SOS call blxk

; Beoin SOS call block

; call nui

; paraieter list pointer

; end of lacro definition

; call nui for CLOSE

; Used'to EOR a byte in Reset above

; Environicnt register location

; Honitor entry point for booting

- Procedure ReBoot

; This prxedure causes the systei to reboot. Before rebooting,
; it first closes all open files whose file level is greater than or

{ mt#»##t*##t###ffff#t««ff#«f#mt#mm*«»*«mt#f#*t« } April /May 1983 Pi^ogrom listing continued on next poge.

ON THREE

///

/// ///

///

/// ///

///

; equal to the current systei level. Hake sure you have finished

j writing to any open file before using this call, as it doesn't

} return.
!

.PROC Reboot,

JHP Start

C List
C"Ref

Start

.BYTE
.BYTE

SOS
LOA
STA
JHP

01 ; one parameter for CLOSE

00 ; close all files that are

; >■ the current file level

Close, C_List ; Close all open files.

173 ~ ; Do this to take sure Ne are not

Envrit I ooino to juip off into oblivion.

Boot ; No RTS because Me Mon't be

i coiing back to the systei.

- Procedure ResetLock -

; This procedure locks out the Reset key so you can't reboot by
I pressing CONTROL-RESET. You can use this to idiot-proof your
pro^rais froi accidental rebooting.

.PROC Reset. Lock,

Reset 110, Envrit
RTS

- Procedure ResetlinLock -

; This procedure unlocks the Reset key so you can reboot by
; pressing CONTROL-RESET. Use this just before exiting your
; prograii that use the procedure ResetLock above.

.PROC Reset .Unlock,
llO,Envrit

Set
RTS

Procedure Slow -

; This procedure cuts the speed of the Apple ///'s 6502 CPU froi

j a laxifui of 2HhZ to INhZ. This change lasts until the next

; tiie you reboot, or until you use the Fast procedure below.

; Uieful for slowing down things that arc going to fait for you

' such as prograi listings and other quick operations.

.PROC Slow,0

Set
RTS

too, Envrit

- Procedure Fast -

;

J
;

; This procedure sets the speed of the Apple ///'s 6502 CPU to

i be 2Nn2 regardless of what it was. Use this to speed back up

I the coiputer after using the Slow procedure above.
!

.PROC Fast,0

Reset 180, Envrit
RTS

.END {Of aiiMbly

Assembling (ON) the ///:
Program Listing #4

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REH
REN
REN
REH
REN
REN
REH
REN
REN

* Nisc. Utilities: Docuientation and
Test Prograi
by Nartin Nichols

This prograi deionstrates how to use the 'NISC' invokable
■odule froi Business Basic.

REN f You can now have the coiputer Re-Boot, Lock and Unlock the
REH » RESET key, and slow down and spetd up the licroproceisor
REH f froi Basic using siiple coMands.

REH
REH
REH
REH
REH

To use in your Basic prograis, invoke it into leiory with
the statement 'INVOKE •NISCINV and then use the routines
as they are outlined below.

INVOKE*Nisc.INV':REN Load the Invokable Nodule

Screen. 0ff««CHRI(14):TEU

Titlel'Scrcen.0ff<^*HI5C INVOKABLE HODULE Docuientation k Test'

eOSUB 510:VP0S=4

PRINT'Before and Invokable Nodule can be used, it lust be loaded';

PRINT' into the systei by the following Coiiand Foriaf.'

PRINTIPRINT') INVOKE HISC.INV':PRlNT:PRINT'where HISC.INV can be the";

PRINT* naie of this or any other Invokable Hodule.".PRINT:60SUB 500

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Title$«Screen.Off$+'HISC INVOKABLE HODULE Docuientation k Test'

60SUB 510:VP0S«4

PRINT:PRINT TAB(8);'Select one of the following options: ':PRINT

PRINT TAB(10);'l.
PRINT TAB(10);'2.
PRINT TAB(10);'3.
PRINT TAB(10);'4.
PRINT TAB(10);'5.

Rebooting the systei'
Locking the RESET key*
Unlockino the RESET key'
Slowing down the coiputer'

Speeding up the coiputer*
PRINT TABn0);"6. End':PRINT

;: INPUT a*:x«C0NV(LEFT$(al,2))

5 or 6':VP0S« VP0S-2:60T0 380

PRINT TAB(8)) 'Which option

IF x<0 THEN x-0

ON X SOTO 1000.2000,3000,4000,5000,420

PRINT TABIB); 'Please enter 1, 2, 3, 4,

HOHE:PRINT'Bye!':PRINT:END

VP0S«24:PRINT USIN6'76c'; 'Press any key to Continue'; :6ET a$:RETURN

H0HE:PRINT USIN6'79c';Titlel:PRINT:RETllRN

REH — Reboot the systei —

Title$«Screen.Offl+'- Reboot -":SOSUB 510

VP0S«4:PRINT"This procedure causes the systei to reboot. Before ';

PRINT'rebootino, it first cIoms all open files. To use, insert';

PRINT* a boot disk (Pascal, Apple Nriter ///, etc.) into the ';

PRINT*internal disk drive and issue the following stateient:*:PRINT

PRINT')PERF0RH Reboot'lPRINT

PRINT'and the systei will reboot.': PRINT

PRINT'To actually use, exit this prograi and enter the above ';

PRINT'stateient to reboot.'

60SUB 500:60T0 290

REH — Lock the RESET key —

Title$»ScreBn.Off$+'- Locking the RESET key -':60SUB 510

VP0S«4:PRINT'This procedure locks out the RESET key so you can't ';

PRINT'reboot by pressing CONTROL-RESET. You can add this';

PRINT' to your prograis as a lethod of protection against';

PRINT' accidental rebooting. ':PRINT

PRINT'To use. enter the following stateifnt:':PRINT

PRINT') PERFORM ResetLock':PRINT

PERFORH ResetLock

PRINT'Ne have just locked out the RESET key. To test it out, ';

PRINT'try to reboot the systei by pressing CONTROL-RESET."

PRINT:PRINT'»hen you are convinced that you can't reboot...'

eosuB 500:vpos«i6:print

PRlNT'See, I told you so...'

SOSUB 500:60T0 290

REH — UnLock the RESET key —

Titlel-Screen.Offl+'- UnLocking the RESET key -':60SUB 510

VP0SM:PRINT*Thi5 procedure unlocks the RESET key so you can ';

PRINT'reboot by pressing CONTRQL-RESETYou can add this to';

PRINT' your prograis as a leans of reversing the protection';

PRINT' given by the ResetLock stateient.*: PRINT

PRINT'To use. enter the following stateient: ■:PRINT

PRINT')PERFOftH ResetUnLock':PRINT

PERFORH ResetUnLock

PRINT'He have just unlocked the RESET key. Take ly word for it, ';

PRINT'if you try to test itby pressing CONTROl-RESET you will ';

PRINT'reboot the systei.'

60SUB 500: SOTO 290

REH — Slow up the /// —

Title$«Screen.Offl+'- Slowing down the Apple /// -':SOSUB 510

VPOSM:PRINT'This procedure cuts the speed of the Apple ///'s ';

PRINT'6502 CPU froi a laxiiui of 2Hh2to IHhZ. This change lasts';

PRINT* until the next tiie you reboot, or until you use theFait ';

PRINT'procedure included in this invokable iodule.':PRINT

PRINT'To use. enter the following stateient:': PRINT

PRINT')PERFORH Slow':PRIHT

PERFORH Slow

PRINT'Ke have just slowed down the licroprocessor. Everything ';

PRINT'should appear slower now. All operations will take about';

PRINT* 501 lore tiie to coiplete.*

SOSUB 500: SOTO 290

REH — Speed up the /// —

Title$«Screen.Off$+'- Speeding up the Apple /// ~':60SUB 510

VP0S=4:PRINT*This procedure sets the speed of the Apple ///'s ';

PRINT'6502 CPU to a laxiiui of 2HhZ froi IHhZ. This change lasts';

PRINT* until the next tiie you reboot, or until you use the ';

PRINT*Slow procedure included in this invokable iodule.*:PRINT

PRINT'To use, enter the following stateient: •:PRINT

PRINT*)PERFORH Fa8t':PRINT

PERFORH Fast

PRINT'Ne have just speeded up the licroprocessor. Everything ';

PRINT'should appear faster now. All operation should be at*;

PRINT' norial speed.'

SOSUB 500: SOTO 290

5120

DOS File List

Continued .

BE6IN { HAIN of List DOS Directory }
Set Out device;
Lini count := 4;
Mith'DosdirCO] DO
BEGIN
Dfkind := Volinfo;
Dnuientries :* 0;
Dunitnui :'0
END;
Catalog;
(IIOCHECR- }

CLOSE (Device, LOCK);
{$IOCHECK+ }

Trap 10 error
END; {'OfPROCEDURE List.DOS.Directory }
BEGIN
{ This is the initialization, which occurs >
( before the host prograi is executed. }
END. { Of UNIT DOS List Stuff }

April/May 1983

ON THREE

/// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// ///

Products Received

The products outlined below have been received by ON THREE
for the purpose of review. Some have been reviewed in the
past and many will be reviewed in the future. The products have
all been siven the ON THREE 'stamp of approval'. This is only an
indication that a product works as advertised and is not an
endorsement of the product by ON THREE.

PFS: FILE & REPORT

With PFS: File you can create a file, search and update any item or
group of items in the file, and pnnt sorted information. Information
management at its best, these programs are extremely easy to use.

All PFS products dre designed so that a novice can master them
in less than an hour. Reviewed in the January issue of ON THREE,
these programs received an A- and a B- respectively.

Available from most authorized Apple dealers, these programs
dre made by Software Publishing Corporation and dre priced at
$1 75 and $1 25 respectively, for the Apple ///.

Software Publishing Corporation, 1901 Landings Drive, Mountain
View, California 94043. (415) 962-8910.

QUICK & EASY DATA MASTER

Quick & Easy Data Master is a program that creates custom
applications software and report forms designed to your specifi-
cations. This package creates an unprotected Business Basic data
base program as per your specifications.

The ideal data base program is one that you can design exactly
the way you want it: prompts, edits, error messages, headers, titles,
computed data, interactive files, report forms, etc. to your specifi-
cations. You design it and Quick & Easy will create it for you.

Intended for the more serious computer user who knows how
to program in Basic, this package is not very hard to use, but it does
require some thought. Sold by Advanced Software Technology,
Inc., it is priced at $69.95. Reviewed In this issue, it gets a C.

Advanced Software Technology, Inc., 7899Mastin Drive, Overland
Park, Kansas 66204. (913) 648-4442.

CRITICAL PATH SCHEDULING

If you are involved in project management and tired of the
hassels of project scheduling, the Critical Path Scheduling System
is for you! It is a management tool for defining and analyzing the
overall conceptsof a projectand providesa powerful method for
scheduling the many tasks necessary to complete the project ON
TIME AT THE LOWEST POSSIBLE COST.

Armed with the information that this system provides, the man-
ager is better prepared to make decisions regarding the impact any
task will have on the project and permits him to be instrumental in
guiding the project rather than just monitonng its progress.

This is a very 'User Fnendly' system, and it has a good tutorial/
user manual. Comprehensive reports make a manager's life a lot
easier. Developed by Great Divide Software, it has a suggested
retail price of $495. Reviewed in this issue, CRITICAL PATH
SCHEDULING gets a B.

GL'PLUS

To many managers, accounting and the preparation of financial
reports are time consuming chores that have to be struggled
through. But now, at last, accounting can be simplified.

GL-PLUS is an accounting system designed for the Apple ///
computer. It is a flexible, easy to use, journal-based General Ledger
system. The computer and GL-PLUS combine to provide you with a
tool. A tool to make your accounting chores easier. GL-PLUS auto-
matically guides you through entries and then automatically sorts
and posts them.

Report preparation is a "snap"with GL-PLUS. Vou select the
report you wish and the rest is done automatically. GL-PLUS
includes a PLUS. The PLUS is a built-in accounts receivable and
accounts payable capability that can be implemented anytime
you desire.

Another 'User Friendly' system, flexible reporting and ease of
use make an excellent accounting package. Developed by Great
Divide Software, it has a suggested retail price of $495. To be
reviewed in the June-July issue.

Great Divide Software, Inc., 8060 West Woodard Drive, Lakewood,
Colorado 80227. (303) 337-0383.

PKASO ///

The PKASO /// printer interface system is a hardware and
software device that allows the Apple /// to operate with just
about any dot matrix printer in both native and emulation mode. It
gives the user the option of printing text, graphics or even screen
dumps on your parallel printer.

A very nice printer interface, the system has a suggested retail
price of $205. Reviewed in this issue, the PKASO /// printer
interface gets an A.

Interactive Structures, Inc., P.O. Box 404, Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylva-
nia 92123. (215) 667-1713.

MICROTEK Dumpling-GX &
Dumpling Spooler &
Alpine Printer Driver

The MICROTEK pnnter interface cards used with the Alpine
printer driver allow the Apple /// to connect with a vanety of
parallel printers. In particular, the MICROTEK Dumpling Spooler
interface allows you to dump vast quantities of data into the
interface buffer for later printing.

Combined with the Alpine Apple /// interface software, the
MICROTEK interface cards allow the printing of text, graphics and
screen dumps on your parallel printer. It even works in emulation
mode. To be reviewed in the June-July issue.

MICROTEK, Inc., 9514 Chesapeake Dnve, San Diego, California
92123. (619) 569-0900. Alpine Computing, Inc., 851 North Mam,
Logan, Utah 84321 . (801 ) 752-6432.

Continued on page 9

April/May 1983

ON THREE

/// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// ///

UJorcl ProcessinQ LonguoQe

by Bob Consorti

I I I PL IS a fantastic tool for Apple Writer/// users. Unfortunately,
UU very little is known about WPL and what it can do. ON THREE
will periodically publish WPL prosrams and more importantly, the
instructions on how to use them. The information in this column
will serve as an introduction and tutorial to the languase, so if you
have written WPL programs we want to hear from you!

What IS WPL and what can it do'j^ Well, as stated in the manual,
WPL's purpose is to make automated word processing possible.
Many of the things that you do with word processing such as
typing in form letters, reports and other repetitive tasks can be
done easier with WPL.

Since one of the greatest purposes of computers is to save us
time. It was inevitable that WPL came to be. Since it can and will
save you time, it's unfortunate that so little information is available
for It.

It all sounds good, righf^Well, now we will discussjusthowWPL
can makeyourworka littleeasier.Tofollowalong,you musthavean
Apple Writer /// Master disk in the internal disk drive and the
instruction manual (not the Product Training Pak!).

Type [P] (Control-P), and then 'PD.CONSOLE'. Next type [P] 'DO
.D1/AUTOLETTER'. We will be printing letters so to not waste
paper, we will print it on the screen. That's the reason for the first
line. The next line tells the computer to execute the WPL program
named 'AUTOLETTER' on the disk in the internal disk drive.

Your disk drive should come on a number of times and five
letters will be printed. What is going on isthis: The WPL program is
taking a form letter (from the file '.DI/FORMLETTER') and the names
and addresses from the file '.D1/ADDRS' and combining the
information to create form letters. Thus if you have a large number
of letters with the same general information that needs to be sent
out, WPL can extract the names, addresses and other pertinent
information from the address file and automatically print out a
number of personalized letters.

How does It do \\1 That's a bit complicated but I think I can
explain it. A WPL program is a standard Apple Writer /// text file
that consists mainly of normal Apple Writer/// commands. A WPL
program thus has all of Apple Writer ///'s search and replace,
printing and formatting, loading and saving, insertion and deletion,
etc. commands. For those of you with a little programming exper-
tise, WPL also offers integer and string variables. Even some simple
comparison statements and subroutines are available.

As Its name implies, WPL is a true programming language. With it
you can really automate many of those complicated and tiresome
chores. The form letter example included on the Apple Writer///
program disk is but one of many things possible with WPL. For the
next few paragraphs, I will discuss the basics of WPL and give you
examples of simple WPL programs.

This IS going to be an interactive tutorial, so you will have to do a
little work. Start by opening your instruction manual to page 71
and start reading. On page 72 you will find something that may
clarify things a little. If you have ever used embedded text format-
ting commands when printing out a text file, you have used WPL!

In other words, if you used the '.CJ' command to center a line of
text while printing (or any other formatting command) you were
using WPL. Thus all of the '[P] Print/Program Commands:' options
are caned out by WPL. On page 72 you will also see how to use
WPL commands from within a WPL program.

To automate a process using WPL, all you have to do is write

down all of the keystrokes you use in that process and convert
those keystrokes into a WPL program. Commands begin with some
control character (CONTROL P to print, CONTROL F to find/
replace. . .), thus to initiate a command from within a WPL program
we must somehow tell the computer that we want a command
processed.

Using WPL we just enter the CONTROL characters as normal
letters and follow them with the other necessary keystrokes. So to
set the left margin using WPL we enter the following statement:
'PLM 10'. One of the quirks of WPL is that commands have to be
preceded by one or more spaces. Thus press the TAB key once
before entering the command 'PLM 10'.

You should now have 14 characters in your file. Save it to a blank
disk with the command '[S].D2/TEST.1'. Now that it is saved on a
diskette you can execute it by typing in '[P]DO .D2/TEST.1 '.This is
the "DO" command and it is the way to execute a WPL program.

After pressing RETURN, the "DO" command will execute the
specified WPL program from disk. In our example, the program
changed the left margin of the print format to 10. To check this out,
type '[P]':^' to get into the Print/Program Commands: options. The
left margin option should now be 10. To make sure that it wasn't 1
to start with, change it to say, 99 with the command 'LM 99'. Now
press RETURN once to get out of this menu and execute the WPL
program again with the line '[P]DO .D2/TEST.1 '. Finally, check the
left margin value and it will be 10. Woila! The WPL program did it.

Mindless, huh? Well, say you had one hundred letters to be
printed, each with a different left margin. It would be a heck of a
job to manually change the margin and print out each file. WPL
offers a much easier way.

Type in the following paragraph and save it under the pathname
'.D2/LETTER'.

This IS a short line of text to illustrate one of the many uses of WPL
in letter and general document preparation. When the WPL pro-
gram IS executed, each time you press RETURN this document will
be printed with the left margin 5 spaces greater that the last time.

Say that we want the above paragraph printed 7 times. The first
time we want the left margi n set to 0, the next ti me set it to 1 0, and
the next 20. . . , It would take some time ifwe had to do it manually.
The WPL program that does all this is below. Clear memory and
type in the below WPL program. Remember to press the TAB key
before each line.

PND

PPD.CONSOLE

L.D2/LETTER

PPR

PLMO

PNP

PIN Press RETURN To Continue

PPR

PLM10

PNP

PIN Press RETURN To Continue

PPR

PLM20

PNP

PIN Press RETURN To Continue

April/May 1983

ON THREE

///

/// /// /// ///

///

/// ///

///

/// ///

PPR

PLM30

PNP

PIN Press RETURN To Continue

PPR

PLM40

PNP

PIN Press RETURN To Continue

PPR

PLM50

PNP

PIN Press RETURN To Continue

PPR

PLM60

PNP

PIN Done!! Press RETURN To Go Back To The Editor

NY
Before savins it, look at the lines 'PPR'. There should be 7 of them.
After the 'R' in each of them you must insert a control character. This
is the code that causes Apple Writer /// to clear the screen. If not
done, the text display will set cluttered up and you won't know
what is soins on. After each 'R' type 'CONTROL OPEN APPLE \'.
Just hold the CONTROL and OPEN APPLE keys down and type the
backslash ("\") key. An inverse (black on white) backslash should
appear. When you are done save it with the pathname '.D2/TEST.2'.
If you are all done, execute the prosram with the command
'[P]DO .D2/TEST.2'. The parasraph will be printed 7 times, each
one with a left marsin 10 spaces si'sater that the last. You did it!
Now the question is how?

Goinsthroush the WPL prosram line by line we will first see what
the individual lines do and then will be able to look at the prosram
as a whole. The first line is 'NY'. You should be able to see what this
line does now. Remember, a WPL command is just the same as a
normal Apple Wnter /// control command. So the WPL line 'NY'
becomes [N]Y. What happens when you press control N and then
Y? That's risht! Memon/ is erased. We should all see now that this
line clears out memory. You should always use it because you
never know what will be in memorywhenyou start a WPL prosram.
All nsht, that wasn't too hard. How about the next line, 'PND"r^
This should correspond to [P]ND. Try it!, type CONTROL P and then
ND. Don't s^t scared, your computer didn't die - it just went into
the twilisht zone. The command 'PND' shuts off the screen. It
means No Display. To turn it back on, type in [P]YD for Yes Display.
The line 'L.D2/LETTER' in WPL translates to [L].D2/LETTER in
normal Apple Writer /// notation. This loads the file LETTER from
the disk in the second disk drive into memory. Once loaded you
can do anythins you want with it.

The next line is PPR (Control-Backslash). This is the clear screen
command. Unless you want a mess on your screen use this com-
mand before you print anythins- Since we want the parasraphs
pnnted on the screen and not on your printer we use the line
'PPD.CONSOLE'. This translates to [PjPD.CONSOLE which sends the
printed output to the screen.

The line 'PLMO' sets the left marsin to 0. Thus all printed lines will
start at the leftmost column. The Apple Writer /// translation is
[P]LMO. Once we have set the marsin we can print the parasraph
with the line 'PNP'. This translates into [P]NP which simply instructs
Apple Wnter /// to besin printins the text in memory.

These lines printed the first version of our parasraph. Since we
may want to wait a second or so to admire our work we include the
line 'PIN Press RETURN To Continue'. This line simply waits for us to
press RETURN.

The WPL prosram has now printed our first parasraph and is
waitins for the user to press RETURN so it can so on and print the
other parasraphs. Once the user presses RETURN, the prosram
Soes on and prints the other 6 parasraphs.

Once it is done printins the parasraphs, the line 'PIN Done!! Press
RETURN To Go Back To The Editor' waits for the user to press
RETURN and the next line 'NY' clears out memory. Consratulations,
you just wrote (and hopefully understood) your first true WPL
prosram.

The PIN command can be used outside of a WPL prosram. Just
type [P] and then enter 'IN Press RETURN To Continue'. The screen
display will show 'Press RETURN To Continue'. Do that and you will
be back in the editor.

Someofyou may bewonderins ifthereisaneveneasierwayof
doins this. Lookins at the WPL prosram you will see that there dre
seven sets of very similar statements. The basic structure of these
lines are below:

PPR

PLM*

PNP

PIN Press RETURN To Continue

If you replace the asterisk with the numbers throush 6, you will
set the same WPL prosram li nes as above. The question is, is there a
way to do that from inside a WPL prosram? The answer is an
emphatic YES!

To actually do it we must learn a little more about WPL. Well, let
me show you the updated prosram and then describe it. Our
'Better, Faster, Smarter' WPL prosram is below.

Start PGO Besin

Pnntit

PPR

PLM -MO

PNP

PIN $A

PRT

Besin

PND

PPD.CONSOLE

L.D2/LLIItR

PLMO

PLM- 10

PAS Press RETURN To Continue =$A

PSX 6

Loop

PSR Pnntit

PSX -1

PGO Loop

PAS Done!! Press RETURN To Go Back To The Editor =$A

PSR Pnntit

POT

In the above WPL prosram we use subroutines, error flasS'^s
and detection, inteser and strins variables, and even a simple
prosram loop. Before you type it in, remember about inverse
backslash. Now how does it work'r^ Well, all the commands dre
described on pases 78-79, 83 and 88-90. If you read over those
sections of the instruction manual you should understand what's
soins on. Next timewe will discuss it further. We will also enhance
the HELP instruction with a couple of new options! Until then, hit
the books and start learnins (and usins) WPL! ///

April/May 1983

ON THREE

/// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// ///

/// /// /// ///

///

/// to Ihc Mox

by Al Evans

bottom of the screen and
scroll the other three rows
of horses offscreen.

Tame the Running Horses

Here it is, Apple /// users, the column for crazies, the forum for
people who want their computer to do AAAGIC and don't
care about the obstacles. We're not talking about stuff that can
easily be modified to work on a RadShack or an IBM or even an
Apple ] [. We're not even necessarily talking about code that's legal
according to SOS. We're talking about /// to the Max — tricks an
Apple /// can perform which will astound the lesser computer.

There are those who preach device-independent code — pro-
grams which will work on any computer which runs, for example,
UCSD Pascal or FORTRAN 77. That's great for the majority of appli-
cations. But this column is about maximum performance. To get
the best performance from any computer, you must use device-
dependent techniques which take maximum advantage of its
special features and abilities. And the Apple /// has special
features and abilities which make it capable of running rings
around any computer in its class. So this column will be about the
hardware and operating system of the /// and software which
makes special use of them, whether in BASIC, Pascal, or assembly
language.

For an easy introduction to our general onentation, we'll con-
sider the first question asked in our initial column: How did they
make those horses run? This will be an interactive investigation.
You'll need an Apple /// of any configuration, an Apple Business
Basic Disk, and a System Demonstration Disk. The following instruc-
tions assume that you're using a system with two floppy-disk
drives. If not, just use the built-in drive and substitute ".D1 " wher-
ever ".D2" appears.

First boot up your /// in Business Basic, and put the "SYSTEM
DEMONSTRATION" disk in drive 2. Don't boot up on the demo
disk; there's no way to get out of the demonstration, which I'm sure
you've already seen.

Now type "LOAD .D2/SHOW" (and press <RETURN>, of
course). Delete lines 0-8999 and lines 10000-24030. Also delete
line 91 25 and line 9190. The part of the program which is left is the
part that makes the horses run. Only fifteen lines.

Type "INVOKE .D2/HORSES.INV" and "RUN." You should see
exactly the same horserace shown in the demo program. That
fifteen lines of BASIC, with the three external procedures HINIT,
HFRAME(%I), and F^SCROLL, is doing the whole thing^ Unfortu-
nately, these three procedures are written in assembly language,
and there's no simple way to find out how they work. Fortunately,
however, we can find out exactly what they do from BASIC, and
that's nearly as good. After all, we can always write our own
programs to do the same thing.

Anyway, your screen should now look about like Figure 1, all
covered with horses. We need to get rid of all of them but the top
line in order to continue the exploration. Press <ESCAPE> to put
your /// in the escape mode, and use the "up-arrow" and "left-
arrow" keys to move the cursor just under the lower left-hand
corner of top row of horses. You won't be able to see the cursor
when it's there — this is interesting and important, and we'll come
back to it later. For now, just press "T" to set the top of the viewport
below the horses we're keeping, then move the cursor to the

Fisure *1

WmMMm'.^'^

Now move the cursor back directly beneath the row of horses,
press the space bar to leave escape mode, and type:

FOR 1=0 TO 3:FOR J=0 TO 7:PRINT CHR$(128-h8*I-hJ);:NEXT:
PRINT:NEXT

Congratulations, you just drew your own horse. Your screen
should now look like Figure 2. Those of you who already know why
that happened can take a break,- go on and skip the next paragraph.
Figure ^2

H E K T : FRl

■•IT "

rTu

r-! E X

P R I i- rriJHF: i- •: 1 :

Most of the rest of you do already know that the Apple ///
system character set is software-defined (like almost everything
else in the system) and can be changed at any time. In particular,
characters to 31 [CHR$(0) to CHR$(31)] dre the control codes,
and are not normally printed on the screen. However, any of them
can be turned into a printable character by adding 128 to its ASCII
code [CHR$(0+128) to CHR$(31+128)]. This is just what we've
done in the line above — printed out the current representations
of the control codes in four lines of 8 characters each. The control
characters have been turned into horses!! This is one of the
major keys to fast animation on the Apple ///.

Press <ESCAPE> again, movethecursortothe line immediately
below the horse you just drew, and reset the top of the viewport
(press "T") to keep it on the screen. Scientifically speaking, we
know where that horse came from — we can't be completely sure
the others didn't appear by magic. Now type the following line
(see Figure 3):

April/May 1983

ON THREE

///

/// ///

///

FOR 1=1 TO 10:FOR J= TO 4:PERFORM HFRAME(%J): NEXT: NEXT

Figure ^3

+ ;:;: t: I + J : ' ; H E K T ^ P R I N T ^ r-l E /< T

n"riv~""r^rr" t g i g ^ f o r

E ' : :•. .J ::• ^ r^ E :■■< \ ■■ fA e '.< t

.1 - M T G 4 ■ F' E R F iJ R tl H F R R M

Seethe horses runi But what's happening now '^ We're not even
wnting anything to the screen. Not only that, but the horse we drew
ran right along with the others — hlFRAME(%J), whatever it is,
couldn't possibly know about our own personal horse! Once
again, this is a major key to Apple /// animation.

What happened is that the definitions of those control charac-
ters were changed "on the fly" under software control. The anima-
tion IS almost free — not one character had to be re-drawn. Moving
6 horses was as fast as moving 1. If there could have been a
hundred little horses on the screen, they all would have moved just
like those 6. To be specific, the programming technique used is a
"partial character set upload" — see the Apple /// Standard
Device Drivers Manual, p. 71 .

So that's how the horses run. But wait a minute — they also ran
across the screen. And remember when the cursor disappeared,
when we first set the top of the viewport 'r^

If there's any one of you who hasn't figured out by now that
"PERFORM HSCROLL" must be the proper command, you really
should pay closer attention. Go ahead and type it in a few times,
then we'll analyze what is happening. Figure 4 shows the screen
after 4 PERFORM HSCROLL's

Figure ^4

■ \] E X T ^ P R I h-l T ^ l--^ E ;

FRHr-iFuTr

> ■■ NEXT

1 8 F I
NEXT

:iR J = e TO 4 ^PERFORM H

> F' E R: F IJ R: N H S C R Ci L L
>PERFORN HSCROLL
> F' E F: F R: N H S C R L L
:.PERFORM HSCROLL

FHmmm . . . The horsesjust slid across the screen. So did all the
text we put on it! Type "GOTO 9030" and you can see the whole
horse-and-text race. The horses and letters that disappeared on the
right re-appeared on the left — looks like this is a circular device of
some kind. But the color blocksjust stood still. Looks as though the
horses and text dre in one part of memory, and the background and
foreground colors are in another.

And that is precisely the case. The screen memon/of the Apple
/// IS in two places, both in the system bank ("S-bank"). The
characters on the 40-column screen (or the odd-numbered char-
acters on the 80 column screen) are in memory locations $400-$7FF
(1024 to 2047 for those who speak decimal). The foreground and
background colors in the 40-column mode (or the even-numbered

characters on the 80-column screen) are in memory locations
$800-$BFF (2048-3071). HSCROLL is moving the former, shifting
each row one column to the right with the character shifted off the
screen going into the vacated column on the left, without changing
the latter.

In the 40-column color text mode, each byte in the screen at
$800-$BFF IS interpreted as a background color (the low nybble)
and a foreground color (the high nybble). If both of these nybbles
dre set to the same value, anything on the foreground screen will
"hide" behind the background. This explains the disappeanng
cursor,- both nybbles were set to (black).

This IS a good example of a device-dependent technique which
is not even "within the system". As far as I know, there is no way
these screens can be manipulated separately from a high-level
language. For those of you who sre interested, the memory maps
are the same as for Apple ][ text screens 1 and 2. Apple ][
assembly-language routines should be fairly easy to adapt for your
own nefarious purposes.

What can be done with all this'i^ I don't know about you, but it's
got my wife and me working on a game, Cap'n Masneto. So far,
we've got a background of 256 x 128 squares that scrolls in all 4
directions with wraparound and an animated superhero who is
normallyaspacemanwithblastingjetpaks but turns intoafluttenng
butterfly on occasion. The sky's the limit!

And so, off into the sunset, jetpaks blasting. Next month we'll
talk about the keyboard map and how to change it. After that —
well, let me know what you want to do with your Apple ///. In
particular, send me your own findings and let me spread them
around — I'll give you full credit, of course. There dre lots of
completely undocumented bits and pieces in the ///, things
Apple doesn't think we're ready for. So it was with the ][, back in
the dark ages. But users, working together and trading ideas, had
figured the ][ out long before the "real" technical manual was ever
published. We can do the same. ///

AppU

2JLt

narLiownLoaa: continued . . .

690

REM

<CTRL> CHARACTERS ACTION.

700

REM

710

REM

SO <CTRL> [ I 3 IS NOT

720

REM

INTERCEPTED.

730

REM

740

FOR C »

32 TO 126

750

POKE P,C

;: POKE DR,1

760

POKE p,a

i: POKE DR,1

770

FOR B «

TO 7

780

POKE P,A((C - 32) * 8 + B): POKE DR,1

790

NEXT B

800

NEXT C

810

POKE P,4

: POKE DR.l

820

HOME: VTAB 12: PRlNT "TEST (Y/N) Vw BET Al

830

IF Al <

> "Y- THEN END

900

REM

910

REM

t* TEST FONT ##

920

REM

SEND CUSTOM FONT

930

REM

SELECT CODE

940

REM

950

REM

PRINT FONT

960

REM

970

REM

SEND STANDARD FONT

980

REM

SELECT CODE

990

REM

1000

HOME

1010

PRINT:

PRINT DrPRfl"

1020

PRINT CHRI (27) "-J

1030

FOR X »

32 TO 126

1040

IF X / 60 « INT (X / 60) THEN PRIMT

1050

PRINT CHRI (X);

1060

NEXT X

1070

PRINT CHRI (27) -V

1080

1090

PRINT DrPRIO-

1100

HOME

April/May 1983

ON THREE

/// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// ///

R€VI€UJ ON: gverything

by Bob Consort!

PKASO /// Printer Interface

The PKASO /// printer interface system is a hardware and
software device that allows the Apple /// to operate with just
about any dot matrix printer in both native and emulation mode.
It sives the user the option of printing text, graphics or even screen
dumps on your parallel printer.

It will connect your Apple /// to the following printers: Apple
DMP; Epson MX-70, MX-80, MX-100; NEX PC8023A/C; C.ltoh 8510
Pro/Writer; Integral Data Systems 460, 560, Prisms, Color Prisms,-
Okidata 82A, 83A (plus the new 9x senes); or Centronics 739, 1 22
printers.

The PKASO system consists of the hardware interface that allows
you to connect your /// to most any parallel dot matrix printer, the
necessary cabling, the software device drivers that let the interface
card work with the///, invokable modules to print out the graph-
ics screen and a set of instruction manuals to tell you how to
operate the system.

First we dre going to take a look at the interface card. Very simply,
it is the same interface card the the Apple ][ uses. What makes it
special is the device driver that connects it to the ///'s world and
the appropriate invokable modules that allow you to pnnt out the
graphics screen. After installing the device driver on your system
diskettes you can use a variety of new commands to easily control
your printer features from within any program or language system.

The invokable module (or linkable, if you use Pascal) that prints
out the graphic screens is ven/ flexible and can print out any of the
Apple /// graphics modes in three different sizes. You can even
rotate the picture to print out sideways if your printer doesn't have
a wide enough carriage to print out one of the larger sizes.

One of the nicest features of this system is the ability to print out
in color if you have a color pnnterl Your IDS Prism can now print out
your color graphics screens with this package. Many of you know
that the /// has a changeable character font and that you can
re-define the format of the characters that you see on the text
screen. You have proballyseen some of the different fonts, Roman,
Byte, Apple etc. With the PKASO /// system you can have your
pnnter pnnt out text in the same font style that your /// uses!

You can even dump a copy of the text screen to the printer.
Anything that is on the current text screen will be exactly dupli-
cated on the printer. You can dump a 40 or 80 column screen with
amazing simplicity.

If you dre printing text or graphics and your printer runs out of
paper, the PKASO card will put a flashing message on the bottom
right hand corner of the text screen. This is non-destructive, that is
to say, anything that was there before will be returned whenever
you put more paper in the printer. Also, if your pnnter is off and you
try to use it you will get a printer off line message in the same area.

One note of concern: Short of turning on the printer or putting
more paper in, there is no way to get out of the print operation if
the printer is off-line or out of paper. While you can get out of a text
or graphics dump by pressing the ALPHA-LOCK key, there is no
similar exit from either of these conditions. A call to Interactive
Structures reveals that they are working on a fix to this slight
problem.

This brings me to my next point. Interactive Structures, the maker
of the PKASO /// card has one of the best customer support
policies I have seen. Even/one there seems to know what is going

on and sre more than helpful with any problems you may be
having. I sometimes wonder if their support has tied up too many
people, but it does give the company a well deserved good
reputation.

One of the novelties of the PKASO system is that the instruction
manuals were printed with an MX-80 printer controlled by a
PKASO board. The neat part is that it looks quite good! The manual
that we will discuss is the PKASO /// Printer Driver for Apple ///
and Matrix Printers Users Manual.

This booklet tells you everything you need to know about the
operation of the PKASO driver and associated software that are
needed i n order for the PKASO board to work with the Apple ///.
It doesn't assume anything about the intelligence of the user so it
gives complete information on how to first install the driver using
the System Configuration Program and then on how to use it.

Since the SCP isn't easy for first time users, this is a very nice
touch that other packages should have. After installing the driver,
the manual shows you how to use this new driver from both Basic
and Pascal. You can change the size of the characters you print by
simply entering a new size with the size command.

The PKASO /// interface has circumvented many of the prob-
lems of using the features (changing text sizes, column widths,
setting tab stops, etc.) of a particular printer by creating a system
that more or less standardizes these procedures.

Instead of remembering strange character sequences to send to
each different printer to have it print in say, compressed charac-
ters, with the PKASO /// installed you will be able tojust type one
command sequence for all. Since this may not be easy to see, the
following example may help.

Normally to have an Epson print in compressed mode (17.16
characters per inch, others are different) you must send it a
CONTROL-O. Other sizes can be achieved by sending different
control codes. These codes are not standard among printers, thus
what works on an Epson will not usually work on a NEC or others.

This means that if a program wants to print out data in a different
size format, it must know what printer it is working on and the
necessan/ codes for that printer. Since this is asking quite a bit from
a program, you normally don't have any options when printing out
items.

The PKASO /// uses a standard command format that enables
programs and users to very easily set size and other information for
avarietyof printers. To have any printer that IS installed on your///
print out in compressed mode you would send it the following
sequence ' E2'. All pnnting operations that followed would be in
compressed mode.

Similarly you could have the jnformation printed using the
following commands '~E0', '"El', '~E2', '^EB', '~E9', '~E10'. Respec-
tively, this would cause characters to be printed with 10, 12, 16.5,
5, 6 and 8.25 characters per inch.^

As you can see, remembering ' Ex' is a lot easier than 6 or more
control combinations for printing in different sizes. There is one
thing that you should be aware of, if your printer doesn't normally
print with say, 6 characters per inch, the PKASO /// does not let
your printer do that. If you specify a size that does not exist on your
printer, the size actually printed will either not change or will be
the closest size that your printer does support to the one you asked
for.

Similarly, you can easily set up to 16 tab stops and clear them.

April/May 1983

ON THREE

///

/// /// /// ///

/// ///

///

/// ///

///

You can also adjust the vertical spacins to be any increment and
even issue line and form feeds with ease.

One of the nicest features of the PKASO /// is the ability to
change the font of the printer from software. Vbu can now print
out text with the font style you are usins on the screen! Printins out
text in fancy gothic script is now very easy. You can also choose the
inverse screen font and get characters pnnted in reverse, white on
black. Figure *1 shows some of the different combinations
possible.

Figure ^1

tl^is: is t^lne cipplc f oTit.
here it is caspressed

Figure ^2

ma not' iny^rsr copor-E-ssra.

Tins IS t.iie FlUl'mii font.
Here it is coipressed

This is the BVTEI font:
HerE it is comprBSsed

Figure ^3

:i'3^-iQ!iiur.j.;;r ":, ji;*?iiw'ei3?^s^

±L]is IS 4. M a lid S .S -4-'^-' '-■« ■+
Hdje i^ IS ooidvidssdp

:^:u.ow! ' • B iti^ti iftia^isa*:-

TfiiS is ai WEIBD Pont
B9% it is coBpreoed

PROFIL

E2 (85/84/83) U2

TYPE

BLKS NAME

fiOOIFIED TIME CREATED TIME

80082 SYSTEM

03/12/83 00

57 05/84/83 2

tPftS)Tft 88803 OPCODES. 6582

03/07/83 21

38 85/04/83 2

tPASJTfi 88088 ERRORS. 6502

83/87/83 21

39 85/04/83 2

tPftSCOB 08124 UTIL.CODE

03/87/83 21

39 85/84/83 2

90082 SOS

83/12/83 00

57 85/84/83 2:

ICft"

00082 UIS CftLC

03/12/83 08

57 85/84/83 2

tcft-

08082 BAS C

03/12/83 00

57 85/84/83 2

tCA

08881 PASCAL
80802 ARTICLES

57 85/84/83 22

1)5

tCft

03/12/83 08

57 85/84/83 22

»CAT

08081 0.0. «.

83/12/83 08

57 85/84/83 22

tCAT

88809 LETTERS

83/12/83 88

57 85/84/83 22

tCAT

80881 PES

85/84/83 22

34 85/84/8:: 22

;;4

ICAT

08802 SUBS

85/84/83 22

37 85/84/83 22

EOF

1024

726

3570

62976

1024

1824

1024

512

1824

512

4608

512

1024

Rd rc'j. inverse cc^^pressed

ftou. \Merse conpressea

You will also be able to print a snapshot of the the text screen in
either normal or inverse (white on black). Just send ' P2' and the
80 column text screen will be printed out on your printer. An exact
duplication of whatever is on your text screen is now possible!
Figures *2 and *3 give some examples. You may also print out the
40 column text screen just as easily.

Printing out text is nice, right? But how about graphics! The
PKASO /// system allows your Apple /// to do a graphics dump
of the Hi-Res graphics screen in either Basic or Pascal. Just invoke
(or link) the necessary routines from one of the disks and you have
immediate acces to a very fast and versatile graphics pnnt routine.

You can have a print out of any of the graphic modes that the
Apple/// supports in a variety of sizes and shades. Another very
nice feature is the ability to center the picture in the middle of the
page by setting the margin. You can also stop a print-out by
pressing the ALPHA LOCK key twice. This is in case you discover
you're printing in the wrong mode and don't want to wait for the
whole graphics screen to be pnnted.

If you dre fortunate enough to have access to a IDS color Prism
the PKASO /// will do a Hi-Res dump in full color. This is some-
thing to see! All those pie charts and other graphics screens that
look great on a color monitor look even better on paper. Since I
can't give you a full color picture in the magazine (yet) you will
have to be satisfied with the black and white ones that follow.
Figures *4 and *5 show these graphics dumps.

The instruction manuals show you how to use the PKASO ///

BLOCKS FREE= 1292 BLOCKS USED= 8436 TOTAL BLOCKS = 9728

system with different software packages. Apple ][ emulation
mode, Apple Writer ///, Apple Business Graphics, Basic, Pascal
and Visicalc are all supported. Complete documentation is pro-
vided on exactly how to use the PKASO /// system from all these
software products.

Included on the disks that come with the package dre excellent
demonstration programs in both Basic and Pascal. They guide the
user into a good understanding of just what the PKASO /// system
can do. The manuals that come with the system are very nicely
done and contain all the information a user (or programmer!)
would want.

I know I've left out some of the things that the PKASO /// system
can do, but some of these are very specialized and the average
user will never use them. Suffice it to say that the PKASO ///
system is very, very powerful I.

Well, we had to come to it sometime. Yes, this package does
have some bad points! Even though the PKASO /// command
language greatly simplifies printer operations, it is not used by
many application programs directly. Rather, the user must still type
in character sequences (albeit somewhat shorter) to change text
options and so forth. I'm saying this so that no one will get the
impression that the PKASO /// is a cure-all. It's certainly not that,
but it does come close!

The only other problem is not really a problem at all but just a
general nuisance. The interface card that comes with the PKASO
/// fills about 14 of the space for one card in the peripheral card
well. With all the 'real-estate' available for an interface card you
would think they could have put some more things on the card. It's
a shame to waste the space considenng we only have four slots.

April/May 1983

ON THREE

/// ///

///

/// /// /// ///

///

Fisure #4
SALES

RECORD

lyiii

IE:: a B 1

'Y "E: -Hi I-""

Fisure #5

Like I said, it's not really a problem. Thoush, it would have been
nice to see at least another parallel interface port on the same card.
Oh well, I'm just dreaminsasain. Maybe the next version! For now
It's time for the . . .

Summary

From what has been said, the PKASO /// interface is a very sood
product in both quality and ease of use, but should you buy it? If
you have any of the dot matrix pri nters that this card works with, I'd
say an emphatic YES! For the money and for what it does, this is the
card to buy. Interactive Structures, maker of the PKASO ///system
should be given a round of applause for a ven/ nice Apple ///
interface card.

Items used in this review:

128K Apple///

1 external floppy drive

MX- 100 pnnter

Interface card: PKASO /// interface for the Apple ///
Version: ROM - 6.1; Manual - October, 1982;

Driver - Revision 3
Contents: Interface card, two instruction manuals,

two program diskettes.
Programming language: Assembly, Basic and Pascal

Operating System: Standard SOS for Apple ///

native mode, DOS for emulation.
Copy Protected: No
Warranty: 90 days
Cost: $205.00

The Bottom Line

PKASO /// system

Performance: Excellent
Documentation: Excellent
Ease of Use: Excellent
Error Handling: Good-Excellent
Over All Rating: A

Quick & Easy Data Master

The advertising for this program says that it is 'A Data Base
Program ThatyOU Can Master'. Does this claim hold water'^ Well,
after a careful review I have found that it all depends on whoYGU
dre. If you don't mind (or like!) making a moderate amount of
changes in the Basic program, it's for you. FHowever, if you don't
know how to program I'd suggest you look elsewhere.

Another part of the advertising for this program says something
to the effect. The ideal data base program is one that you can
design exactly the way you want it: prompts, edits, error messages
. . .toyourspecifications.'Thisistrue, I alwayswanttomakesome
changes in the applications programs I own. It is also true that this
package lets you define all these things.

Quick & Easy Data Master is a set of Basic programs that allow
you to modify a generic Basic Data Base Program into what you
want. It accomplishes this through an interactive question and
answer session which asks you exactly where you want to put
prompts, error messages and other items on your screen.

When you finish answering the questions, a custom stand alone
data base managment program is created. You can then RUN the
program and use it. Unlike most other Data Base Managements
packages, if there is something in the program that you don't like,
you can change it.

Since this is an idealized situation, let's say right off that there are
a few problems with this package. First of all, the documentation
stinks. The instructions manual consists mostly of bad photo-
copies. The average user can work around this problem, yet the
information on the photcopies is also bad. This is a real shame
because the program has many good points. If the documentation
was as good, this would be a very useful program.

Enough of that, let's now look at what the program does. There
are two program disks in the package. After you boot the system
disk, a message will be displayed to insert the other disk in the built
in drive. Next a menu screen will be displayed. The options dre as
follows:

D . . . Demo Quick & Easy
E . . . Edit a program
R. . . Run Quick & Easy
X. . . Exit Quick & Easy

The option 'Demo' allows you to generate a demonstration
program from a pre-defined format. You can use this option to see
exactly how a data base program is created by this package. The
program disks come with two pre-defined formats that you can
use with the demonstration. One is a simple mailing list format and
the other is a full blown sales invoicing format.

April/May 1983

ON THREE

///

/// ///

///

/// ///

///

If you choose the 'Demo' option, you will get first hand knowl-
edge of how the application program was made. If you are going
to use this package in any way, this option will help you out. You
can have it run automatically from the pre-defined format or pause
after each question. A very good learning tool for the beginner.

You can use the 'Edit' option after you have made your data base
program and discover you need to make some changes. This is
particularly useful because you don't have to re-type all of the
previous program format. If you want to change the menu titles or
somethings like that, this option makes it easy.

The 'Run' option lets you use the Quick & Easy Data Master to
create your custom application program. After answering all the
questions, your answers will be used to create the program. These
answers will also be saved so that you may later change them with
the 'Edit' option, or use with 'Demo'.

The last option is 'Exit'. You can use this option to leave the
application program and go to Basic. From here you can RUN any of
the programs you may have created or any other Basic programs
you may have.

Since all the other options sre based on it, we will now discuss
the 'Run' option. As stated, this allows you to create your own
custom data base management program. Before you start it up you
must first design the screen displays that you will use in your
application program. To do this you must fill in the worksheets
provided with the system.

These worksheets sre just pages with numbered gnds corres-
ponding to screen positions. You fill in what goes where and then
read it off the page when the program prompts you for where to
put Items on the screen. This isn't too bad, but the worksheets
seem to have been designed for a 40 column screen. A second
page is provided for columns 40 through 80. This is unfortunate
because it make it a little harder for the user. One other complaint I
have is that only one sheet is provided, if you're not perfect you dre
going to have to make some copies. I'd suggest about twenty.

After you finish designing the overall format for your programs
screens you should use the 'Run' option to start the creation of your
program. Nowyou will be asked questions such as the name of the
program, any title message you would like displayed by your
application program and other general information.

The most important questions come next. Here is where you
must have even/thing figured out on paper. The program will ask
you the maximum amount of space that should be reserved for
each field of information. You can't just think about something in
your head and try to answer the questions, you have to figure it all
on paper FIRST.

There is one annoying part ofthis, someone accidentally spelled
'field', 'feild'. Come on guys, you should of caught that mistake long
before you released the program.

Anyway, after you specify how much information each field is
supposed to hold, you dre asked which field is to be the key item.
This is the part of the record that is found fastest in a search, and
some though must go into the decision. If you dre creating a mailing
list that will be sorted by zip code, the zip code should be the key
item. However, if you need quick retrieval in another field, you
should choose that one as the key item.

You can not set up a double key, whereby you can get to any
record by either, say name or zip code ven/ fast. I sometimes
wonder if the people who write data base management programs
ever finished high school let alone get a degree. Doesn't anyone
else out there know how to set up a file handler with a double key?

Getting back to business, after you choose a key field you must
then say exactly where on the output screen to put all the items in

the record. Next, enter all the prompts that are associated with
each field in the record. Now you must indicate what type of
information is to be entered into each field. Your choices are
numeric or character data. A zip code and dollar amounts are both
numeric types of information while a name or address is character.

One of the nicest features of the program is the ability to have
your application program detect bad information when it is typed
in. You can specify that it will be bad input if it in a date format, not
alphabetic, not a state or not an entry (blank).

You can cause bad input messages to be displayed if the user
types in any kind of data that you don't approve of. Thus, if a
character entered is not numeric,- not found in a specific file, an
error message can be generated.

This is a very nice featue that I wish more programs would offer.
Afterall this information is entered, you must then answer whether
or not you want additional prompts or headers on the screen in
addition to what was defined in the prompt specifications.

The next round of questions you must answer is whether or not
you need to perform calculations on any of the fields in the record.
Say you want to take 6% sales tax off of one line and put it on
another, this procedure will allow that.

In addition to computed data, this package allows you to share
data from one program to another by using interactive files. This
allows you to transfer information from one file to another
automatically.

We're done! After quite a few minutes of program design you
now will have a complete data base management program written
in Basic that you can make small changes in or major ones if you
really don't like the way the program is written.

Now is time to look into the applications programs that it creates
from your instructions. When you RUN the program it will ask you
what data file to use in the program. If the file doesn't exist you can
initialize the new file and then use it. When finished finding or
initializing the data file, you will get a menu of all the available
options. They dre reprinted below:

REPORTING

M — Make a Report
P — Print a Report

DATA ENTRY

E — Enter Data
L — Lookup Single Records
U — Updata Single Records
D — Delete Single Records
F — Update Any/All Records
S — Scan/Modify All Recordrs
X — Exit Program
I — Initialize/Fix Data File

Once you get to this menu you can now choose any of the
above options. Since there are quite a few, let me just tell of some
interesting things I noticed with the created programs.

When you are updating a record in your data base, you can't
change the key field, it's not allowed. Thus, if the person changed
his or her name, this program would be in trouble. The lookup
function is fairly standard, you can search for items using wildcards
that will match only certain things in each item.

I've had some intermittent problems with the 'Scan/Modify'
option. At times it will just not work. It seems that you must first
attempt and fai I to use this option a few times before it does work.

You can generate custom reports and save them using the 'Make
a Report' option of the main menu. You can put the information
from a data screen into any print format you desire and have the
computer print your data out in that format. You may also save the

April/May 1983

ON THREE

///

/// ///

/// /// /// /// /// ///

/// ///

///

report specification to disk for later use.

I have found another intermittent problem with this option. It
seems that after creatins a report specification and writing it on
disk, the file is not closed. Because the application program is
written in Basic, the user can change any part of the program that
they don't like.

When pnnting a custom report I have found another serious
problem with this package. When printing to a disk file, only one
record is ever written! It seems that the records are printed with an
absolute record number and thus the only one you will ever see is
the last one printed. This is only a problem when pnnting to a text
file on disk. Pnnting to the console or pnnter is fine.

For those few who want to make some changes to the program,
four pages in the manual dre devoted to technical information of
the program. The major program vanables are explained and the
major routines in the program are documented. Even the B-Tree file
handler (and how to use it) is explained.

Below are some timings I made of the programs performance.
Beware, they will change depending on the number of active
drivers, and the size and speed of any disk drives you may have in
your system. I usedastandard Apple ///floppy in my tests. Hard
disk drives (of course) will give much quicker operations.

Boot Time: 22 seconds with given drivers.
Pnnt 100 labels to disk: (below design) 5:20.

Name:

Address: .

City:

State:

.Zip:

Disk Capacity: (above design): Approx. 950.

Summary

With a little better documentation and quite a few minor
program changes this would be a very useful data base manage-
ment program. However, if you don't have the knowledge or time
to make those changes - it's not foryou. As I see it, this package is a
good buy for people willing to play around with a program that is
generally good, but needs some work.

Advanced Software Technologym Inc. is to be commended
with leaving their programs 'Open' so that people can tinker with
them. Very few other manufactures will do this and for mostly that
reason (the price is good too!) I find that this program is worthy of
our support, even if it does have some major problems. ///

Equipment used in the review:

128K Apple///

1 external floppy drive

Program: Quick & Easy Data Master for the Apple ///
Version: Program created 3/4/82

Contents: Two program diskettes, User's manual

Programming language: Basic

Operating System: Standard SOS

Copy Protected: No

Disk Warranty: None

Cost: $69.95

The Bottom Line

Quick & Easy Data Master

Performance: Poor-Fair
Documentation: Poor
Ease of Use: Fair-Good
Error of Handling: Good
Over All Rating: C

ProFile & Backup ///

ProFile

The ProFile drive for the Apple /// is a fixed-media random
access SVa inch disk drive and disk controller card with a capacity
of 5 megabytes (that's 5 million bytes!). That's a description of
Apple's hard disk. For a little closer look at this device, read on.

If your data files feel a bit cramped using the standard old 140K
floppies or if you just need faster disk operations, a hard disk may
be for you. The ProFile will store the equivalent of 35 floppy disks
and access the information about ten times the speed of a floppy.

This sounds great, right? Well, there are some drawbacks. First,
unlike a floppy disk drive, you can't remove the disks. That is what
'fixed-media' means. Thus you dre stuck with the disks that are
sealed in the drive. The second problem is that it's only 5 mega-
bytes. I know that it may seem like a lot, but after you begin putting
all your software and data files on ityou will seethatyou may want
more room. The last major problem is that the interface card that
connects your /// to the ProFile only can attach to one ProFile.

The first two problems aren't that great, but the last one is. Since
the Apple/// has only four slots we must be careful how we fill
them. Other disk interface cards allow you to hook up to a total of
four disk drives, and I find that using up a whole slot for just one
disk drive is just plain crazy. There is more than enough room on the
ProFile interface card to do this and I can't see why Apple didn't at
least put two interfaces on the card.

Oh well, you can't have even/thing. The ProFile is a very well built
and reliable disk dnve. I understand that to date not one has been
returned to Apple due to a hardware failure. Now that's a very
good number! I've had mine for about 17 months now and have
yet to loose any data.

One of the things that makes the ProFile so reliable is that
whenever you turn it on, it goes through a self-test procedure that
does a complete surface analysis of the disk, checking for any
marginal areas. If a bad sector is found it is automatically spared out
to one of the sectors that is kept off-line for these purposes.

What's all this stuff about 'spared-out"? Well, the ProFile disk
drive has a storage capacity of 9792 blocks, or a little over 5 million
bytes of information. The average user will see somewhat less than
that however. 64 of those 9792 blocks are reserved (or spared).
When it performs the self-test these are the blocks that dre used if a
bad block is found on the disk.

Even though I have not lost any data, I have encountered bad
blocks on the ProFile disk drive. These have always given some
strange disk I/O error message. After getting these bad blocks I
have been able to recover by simply turning off the drive and then
turning it back on again. When it went through the self-test it found
the bad blocks and replaced them with fresh new ones.

This is a very nice feature that I don't thi nk any other drive offers. It
is well worth the extra 60 seconds or so it adds to the time it takes
before the disk can be used. Now all your programs can use larger

April/May 1983

ON THREE

///

/// ///

///

data files than what are allowed on the standard 140K floppy.

The instruction manual that comes with the system shows you
exactly how to install the disk interface card and add the ProFile
disk driver to your boot diskettes. If you don't want to, your dealer
will install the interface and the necessary driver, but the manual
does sive you all the details. It also devotes a chapter to how the
drive operates. I don't think that any user would ever need the
information in that chapter, but if you want to know exactly how
the drive works, there's a chapter for you.

There is also an appendix on how to add Pascal system files to
the ProFile. This is not a very sophisticated method and you would
be better off if you added Pascal to the ProFile usins Quark's
Catalyst or Dr. Jcppson's Pascal Patch.

One of the nicest features of the ProFile is the demonstration
program that comes with the system. A color graphics demo
second to none! Wei I over one hundred pictures dre stored on the
ProFile and are displayed by the controlling program. It's a real
sight to see!

Backup ///

One of the strong and weak points of any large capacity disk
drive IS its abilib/ to store very large files. A strong point because
you can make larger files than with a floppy disk. A weak point
because you can't make a copy of a 2000 block fi le on a 280 block
floppy disk.

The program Backup /// was created to solve this problem.
Ven/ simply put, the program allows you to copy information from
one storage device (a ProFile) onto a number of disks in another
drive (a Disk ///) and later restore the information if needed.

This means that you can copy any ProFile file too large to fit on
one diskette onto several diskettes. You can even do a full volume
backup and store everything on the ProFile to floppy disks. A
variety of options also let you backup and restore selected files to
and from the ProFile. A very sophisticated and easy to use program,
it is now supplied with each new ProFile that is sold, and has been
sent to some current ProFile owners.

I said some because! have received many calls and letters from
people who say they bought their ProFile months and months ago
and have yet to receive their copies of Backup ///. I wish I could
say that the reason that they didn't get their copy was because they
didn't send in their registration card, but I can't. One gentlemen
who phoned me said that he bought his ProFile in June of lastyear
and promptly sent in his registration card, but has yet to receive
Backup ///. After many calls and letters to both his dealer and
Apple he still has not gotten his copy.

If you have ProFile and do not have a copy of Backup /// and
your dealer can't get one for you, address your complaints to the
following person:

Clayta Morand

Peripheral Systems Marketing
Apple Computer, Inc.
2720 Orchard Parkway
San Jose, California 95134

After spending a couple of thousand dollars on a ProFile, Apple
should be a little more responsive to these problems.

The User's manual that comes with Backup /// is one of the best
that Apple has ever done. Not just a reference booklet on how to
use the program, it is a complete tutorial that shows you exactly
how to backup and restore your files.

Backup /// will also format disks so you don't have to first boot
the System Utilities Program and format the disks there. When
backing up files you won't be caught without a useable diskette
because with this program you can just take a blank diskjust out of
the box and let the program format it.

Backing up files couldn't be simpler, you just specif/ which files
you want to use and insert the disks when prompted to. The
program f rst verifies that the disk is good and then begins the
copying. When finished putting information on that disk, it again
verifies the disk to give an extra level of assurance that your backup
disks dre good.

There are three options for backing up your f les. You can backup
by Pathname, backup Modifed files and backup by Date/Time.
With these options you can specif/ many different file combina-
tions to backup by.

The backup by Pathname option lets you backup an entire
volume or part of a volume. You can use a device name, pathname,
or a file pattern. The wildcards used in the file pattern dre the same
as used by the System Utilities Program.

The backup Modified files option lets you backup files that have
been modified since you last made a backup. Thus if you have
added or changed f les on your hard disk since the time you last
backed it up, you can use this option to copy only the files that
have been changed. This is very useful if you have changed quite a
few files on a number of subdirectories and can't remember where
all of them dre.

The backup by Date/Time option lets you backup files based on
the date and time of last modification. Thus you could specif/ to
make a backup of only files that have been modified since a certain
date. This is useful only if your Apple/// has a functioning clock.
Otherwise you must have set the date and time with the System
Utilities Program for it to be of any use.

Restoring files is just as easy. Just specif/ which files you want to
restore and insert the proper disks when prompted. Very, very
simple! Towards the end of the manual is a section devoted to
examples of using Backup /// to backup and restore files. Just
another nice feature of this manual.

Three appendices cover everything from hints to a list of com-
mands and even a complete section on error messages and how to
recover from errors. It would have been better if these were
reproduced on a handy reference card, but just being there is very
good.

Ifyou have another disk drive, suchasoneoftheMicro-Sci high
densif/ disks, you can use Backup /// to backup files with greater
ease. Using the Micro-Sci A1 43 disk drive that holds four times the
amount of a normal disk drive (over half a megabyte!) you can
back up an entire ProFile with 10 disks or less! While a full volume
backup of the ProFile onto standard 140K disk drives takes about
90 minutes, using the Micro-Sci A143 it only takes about 30
minutes.

Summary

The ProFile - Backup /// combination is a fantastic tool for all
Apple /// users. With the speed and capacity of the ProFile and
the backup abilities of Backup ///I highly recommend these items
to all Apple ///users who find that the Disk/// is just too limited.
With the addition of a high density disk drive by Micro-Sci, this tool
is further enhanced.

April/May 1983

ON THREE

/// ///

///

/// ///

///

Equipment used in the review:

128K Apple///

1 ProFile hard disk drive

1 external floppy drive

Item: ProFile Hard Disk Drive & ProFile driver

Version: Driver - Version 1 .30

Contents: Interface card, ProFile Hard Disk

Owner's Manual, two prosram diskettes.
Operating System: Standard SOS
Warranty: 90 days
Cost: $2199

Item: Backup///

Version: 1.0

Contents: Backup /// User's Manual, Program Diskette

Programming language: Pascal

Operating System: Standard SOS

Copy Protected: No

Disk Warranty: 90 days

Cost: Included with ProFile Disk

The Bottom Line

ProFile - Backup /// System

Performance: Good-Excellent
Documentation: Excellent
Error Handling: Excellent
Over All Rating: A

CRITICAL PATH SCHEDULING

If you dre responsible for project scheduling, you know about
the hours of planning and re-planning involved in the execution of
a complex project. With the computer age upon us, it was just a
matter of time before project management could be simplified.
The CRITICAL PATH SCHEDULING system by Great Divide Software
is the management tool that does just that.

I am going to assume that the reader knows a little about critical
path and stuff of that nature. A detailed explanation is beyond the
scope of this review so it will be left out. This review will show if
the system is easy to use, and any problems (or strong points) that
the package has.

To start off, the CRITICAL PATH SCHEDULING system is a collec-
tion of Basic programs that provides project managers a tool for
defining and analyzing the overall concepts of a project and
provides a powerful method for scheduling the many tasks neces-
sary to complete the project.

Using the CRITICAL PATH SCHEDULING system, it is easy to insure
that all importanttasksare included atthestartofthe project. Using
the information that the user furnishes for each task, the program
analyzes the whole project from start to finish. A report can then be
compiled that lists every task, with start and completion times.
Also shown on the report are the tasks that are most critical to the
completion of the project.

Each task generates an early start and finish date, and a late start
and finish date. These dates are the earliest a task can be expected
to start and end, and the latest the task can be postponed without
affecting the completion time of the project. The difference
between these two dates is called the 'float' and is included on the

report. Also included is the 'free float' which is the amount of time
a task can be delayed without affecting any other task or the
completion date of the project.

The project reports can be in a variety of formats. Reports by
early or late start, node or float order dre all possible. Special
formats such as five, six or seven day work weeks are a snap to
prepare. You can also specify up to 100 non-working days in any
project. Another very nice feature is the ability to do a report
without specifying a start date for the project. Thus you can
determine the length of time a project will take, regardless of the
starting date.

The package comes complete with a detailed user guide/
instruction manual and two program diskettes. Since the creators
of this program rightfully realized that hard disks will give much
quicker program operations, they included the capability of put-
ting the CRITICAL PATH SCHEDULING system onto your hard disk.

When you first boot this system, a system configuration menu
appears. Simply put, you have the option of putting all of the
programs and data on the hard disk, programs on diskette - data on
hard disk, or both programs and data on diskette. You can later
change this if you wish. Thus you are not forever stuck with your
CRITICAL PATH SCHEDULING system on diskettes or hard disk.

If you decide to put the programs on your hard disk, they dre all
moved automatically. This process takes about four minutes with
the ProFile. You can manually turn the screen off ('CONTROL 5') to
speed this up a bit.

The boot diskette that comes with the system has the '.PROFILE'
hard disk driver on it, so you won't have to put any overtime in with
the System Utilities Disk. You aren't locked in to just the ProFile
either. Where the programs are put is entirely up to you. If you want
to use a hard disk other than a ProFile, you will have to add its driver
to the boot disk's SOS. DRIVER file.

Theabilitytotransfer programs to a hard diskisseldom found in
the computer programs of today and I applaud the people at
Great Divide Software for integrating their software in this manner.

The CRITICAL PATH SCHEDULING system allows multiple pro-
jects to be on a hard disk at once. It also allows you to switch
between projects very quickly. With the programs on the hard disk,
a menu of current projects is displayed upon booting. Choose the
one you want and you get it. If you want to change from one to
another you don't have to reboot the system, just choose one of
the menu options and you can go to a different project.

One of the nice things about the CRITICAL PATH SCHEDULING
system is that it comes with a set of sample data. This al lows you to
practice using the system before you set up your own projects.
With this you don't have to worry about hurting your own data!

After choosing the projectyou wanttoworkon, the main menu
is displayed. It is reproduced here as figure ^1 .

Figure ^1

CRITICAL PATH SCHEDULING SYSTEM MENU
SAMPLE PROJECT

►0 QUIT

► 1 ENTER/ ACCESS PROJ. I NFC

► 2 ENTER TASK DATA

► 3 ACCESS TASK DATA

► 4 PRINT TASK DATA

5 SORT AND TEST DATA

6 CALCULATE CRITICAL PATH

SWITCH PROJECTS
MOVE FORMATTED REPORTS
CREATE/COPy/DELETE A PROJECT — ►!
DESIRED OPTION NO

BASIC REPORTS

00 CRITICAL PATH REPORT

01 KEY WORD LIST

►12 MANPOWER REPORT
►13 TASK BAR CHART

DATED REPORTS

►14 CRITICAL PATH REPORT
►15 KEY WORD LIST
►16 MANPOWER REPORT
►17 TASK BAR CHART

] SPOOL REPORTS
?

April/May 1983

ON THREE

///

/// /// /// ///

///

As you can see, arrows point to some of the options. These are
used to indicate which options dre currently available for use. The
above example shows that we are using the 'SAMPLE' project that
is included with the system. Since there is data, there are arrows
pointing to options 0-4 and 7-18. These dre the ones we can
presently use.

One feature of the system that I don't like is option ^0. This is the
'QUIT' option and if you press and RETURN, you can not recover
the program. There should be some prompt message asking if the
user really wants to quit. Over the past couple of months I have
accidentally chosen option #0 many times.

The instruction manual that comes with the CRITICAL PATH
SCHEDULING system isven/good. It contains step by step instruc-
tions that leads the user through the system. Whi le not typeset, the
instruction manual comes in three ring binder format. One of the
biggest reasons that I like the manual is because the pages are
printed on only one side. Thus there are no readability problems
due to seeing the back side of a page through the front.

After prepanng your project's data using the example in the
instruction manual, you enter the project information using option
#1 of the main menu. Here you tell the program the name of the
project, the starting month, day and year. Also i ncluded is the work
week type (5,6 or 7 days), and the non-working days during the
project.

Here you will also specify where to send any report, in other
words - which printer driver. This will normally be '.PRINTER', but
the user can change it to any configured pri nter driver. You can also
specify any control characters to send before pnnting the report.
This enables you to force compressed printing to squeeze more
information on a page.

A report heading can also be specified which will appear at the
top of all printed reports. This can be up to 60 characters long. To
maximize memory use in the Apple /// this option also asks you to
specify the maximum number of tasks your project will need.Upto
2150 can be specified, but it's best to use the default value (1000)
unless you know you will need more.

The next three options (number's 2-4) are used to enter, update
and print the task data. These processes dre very simple due to
good instructions and screen menus. Complete editing functions
dre included so the user will not have to re-type the entire task data
due to a single mistake.

Option number 5 sorts and tests the task data. It tests to check
that the data is correct before you compute the critical path. You
can also have the program directly go to option number 6 and
compute the cntical path if the data is correct. Any errors are
displayed on the screen for the user to see and later correct.

If you have finished with your work on one project and want to
go to another, option number 7 allows you to switch projects
without rebooting the system. Each project's task information is
kept on a different set of data disks, or on different subdirectories if
you are using a hard disk.

Option numbers isa bit confusing. It allows you to view report
files stored on disk, move the report files to a printer, and delete
report files to regain disk space. Now what is a report file? Well,
that's not so hard. They sre CRITICAL PATH SCHEDULING reports
that are saved on a disk instead of being printed on a printer. Now,
option numbers aliowsyou to manipulatethese reports, but how
do you create them? There isn't anything in the table of contents!

After much searching (two days worth) I finally found out how
to do it. Directlyafterthedescnption of option number4 there are
two special notes. The first of these is how to get a report printed
on the screen. After using the system for a while I had found
this out. All you do is press 'OPEN APPLE S' and the report will be

pnnted on the screen. I learned this because on the report options
menus there is a line that says to press 'OPEN APPLE S' to get a
screen pnnt-out.

The second of these special notes is how to pnntthe reports to a
disk file. Instead of pressing 'OPEN APPLE S', simply press 'OPEN
APPLE F' and you wi 1 1 be prom pted for a Fi le to send the report to.
Why doesn't this merit a special line like the pnnt to screen line? I
don't know! There should at least be a section in the table of
contents on how to accomplish it. Hopefully the people at Great
Divide Software will fix this little bug before it gives anyone else
headaches.

Whi le we dre on the subject, about the only other problem in the
manual is on pages 34 and 35. On these pages it states that there
are two formatted reports on the diskette that comes with the
system. In the manual they are called SAMPLE1 & SAMPLE2, yet they
dre not on the diskettes that I received.

Option number 9 allows the user to create, copy and delete
new projects. This is very useful, because the user doesn't have to
boot up the System Utilities Disk to make a copy of their important
task data.

Options 10 through IS are used to print reports in a variety of
options. Reports using early and late start dates, float and node
order are easily pnnted. One of the nice features is the ability to
print out a key word report. With this capability you can print a
selected portion of the cntical path report based on a 'keyword' in
the description of the tasks.

Thus you can specify work that is say, subcontracted out by
putting the word 'Sub' in the description of each task and later
print out only that portion of the report whose tasks descriptions
begin with 'Sub'. A very useful feature.

Manpower reports that indicate the total manpower required
for each task can be printed, giving the project manager total
control in the determination of crew size.

Probably the most important report option is the 'Task Bar Chart'.
This report gives the same basic information as the other reports,
but gives it in a pseudo-graphical format. In this way, the user can
see how various tasks relate to each other. Text symbols (*=) are
used to show critical and non-critical tasks in the project.

This is a very nice feature because it shows the user exactly
which tasks can be delayed, and when they must be completed.
Though nice, I think it should be done a little differently. With the
exciting graphics capability that the Apple /// offers, a much
better implementation should have been written.

On each report you can have the current date printed. The
problem here isthatyou must enter the date manually. Since many
Apple /// owners now have a clock installed, programmers
should use the clock instead of always asking the user to supply
the date.

Summary

The CRITICAL PATH SCHEDULING system is a very useful tool for
anyone who is involved with project planning. It isn't a Lisa Project,
yet it does provide a very useful function for project managers.

The few minor problems in the program and documentation are
hardly enough to turn me away from the program, but the price
$495 makes me think twice. Because it is written in Business Basic,
the more advanced user is able to tinker with the system to adjust it
more to his or her needs. Since it does have many fine features, I
think it deserves our support.

Overall the CRITICAL PATH SCHEDULING package does help
project managers do their job, so this may be the package foryou.

Continued on page 9

April/May 1983

ON THREE

/// /// /// /// /// /// ///

///

/// /// /// ///

Three Shorts — Fini!

by Devin Sexson

The followins are snappy little sraphics exercises with levels of
complexity and thoughtfulness that are unusual.
To use, just type them in and save them. Make sure the Basic disk
is on-line and t/pe "RUN." The Basic disk is needed because the
file "BGRAF.INV" is used.

ON THREE will pay $25 for any short demonstration program
used in this space, so send in your favorite today, and we will see
you next time on ON THREE. ///

REH f«*tf«»<*fti*fttf«tf«itt»fif>fff>it»t*««f«f

REH
REH
REH
REH
REH
REH
REH
REH

Dazzling Rectangles

100

110

120

130

140

150

l&O

170

180

190

200

1000

1010

1020

1
2
3
4
S
b
7

This short prograe displays a neat
pattern oi dazzling rectangles in full
color. To use, type in the prograe
and then 'RUN'. Hake sure you have
the '/BASIC/B6RAF.INV' on-line. H
not, enter the correct pathnaie.

REH l*««fHlt»»l*«ttl««llftft«i«»fl«f»iti«»ftf*

ON ERR INVOKE'/BASIC/BBRAF.INV
PERFORH initgrafix:OFF ERR
PERFORH grafixiodeiZl,!!)
PERFORH grafixon
PERFORH fillport
il«3!xM:zX-279:qI»0:yX-191
PERFORH vieMport(!xZ,ZzZ,Iq!,lyX)
ON KBD BOTO 1000
FOR rl=l TO 99

pcZ>pcZ+l:IF pcZ«U THEN pcZ>l

PERFORH pencolor(ZpcZ)

PERFORH ■oveto(ZxZ,ZyZ)

PERFORH lineto(ZzZ,ZyZ)

PERFORH lineto(ZzZ,ZqZ)

PERFORH lineto(ZxZ,ZqZ)

PERFORH lineto(ZxZ,ZyZ)

xZ«xZ+iZ:yZ»yZ-iZ:zZ»zZ-iZ:qZ=qZ+iZ

NEXT rZ
TEXTtEND

IF KBD>27 THEN POP: TEXT: HOHE: END

ON KBD SOTO 1000

RETURN

REH t*ftii»iitti»t(*t«»tti««t«ii«t«t««fi«tttt«*

REH
REH
REH
REH
REH
REH
REH
REH

Randoi Triangles

bd PERFORH vieHport(Z0,Z139,Z0,Z191)

99 ON KBD 60T0 1000

100 FOR r»l TO 20

110 xlZ>139*RND(l):ylZ«191fRND(l)

120 x2Z>139«RND(l):y2Z>191«RNDU)

130 x3Z«139iRND(l):y3Z'191»RN0a)

140 PERFORH pencolor(ZRND(n»li)

ISO PERFORH lovetoaxlZiZylZ)

liO PERFORH lineto(Zx2Z,Zy2Z)

170 PERFORH lineto(Zx3Z,Zy3Z)

180 PERFORH lineto(ZxlZ,ZylZ)

190 NEXT

200 xlZ*139»RND(l):ylZ>191iRND(l)

210 x2Z»139tRND(l):y2Z>191«RND(l)

220 PERFORH vieHport(ZxlZ,ZylZ,Zx2Z,Zy2Z)

230 PERFORH fillport

240 PERFORH vieMport(Z0,Z139,Z0,Z191)

250 BOTO 100

999 TEXT: END

1000 IF KBD=27 THEN POP:TEXT:EHD
1010 ON KBD 80T0 1000

1020 RETURN

This prograi Hill display a nuiber of
tringles of randoe size, in a variety
of colors. To use, enter the prograi
and then 'RUN'. Hake sure that the
file '/BASIC/B6RAF.INV' is on-line.
If not, enter the correct pathnate.
REH i««f«fti«fttt««f«(*»»*t««««*i«>tfff*f«t«ft*

ON ERR INVOKE'/BBRAF.INV'

PERFORH initgrafix:OFF ERR

PERFORH grafixeode(Z3,Zl)

PERFORH grafixon

PERFORH fillport April/May

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
20
30
40
50
60
99
100
110
120
130
140
150
l&O
170
180
190
200
210
300
1000
1010
1020
1983

REH f*Hi»t«««f«fft*itti»f«»>tf»»t*titH«fitf««

REH
REN
REH
REH
REH
REH
REH
REH

Hoving Color In A Diaiond

This prograa will display a pattern
consisting of a colorful diaiond ttith
colors constantly changing within it.
To use, type in the prograi and then
'RUN'. Hake sure that you have the
file '/BASIC/B6RAF.INV' on-line.

REH t«t*HHHtt«H«««tf»tt«t«tt»*tfHf»t«t(ifi

ON ERR INVOKEVBeRAF.INV*
PERFORH initgrafix:OFF ERR
PERFORH grafixiode(Zl,Zl)
PERFORH grafixon
PERFORH fillcolor(ZO)
PERFORH fillport
ON KBD 60T0 1000
zZ«l:gZ>280:hZ>96:aZ'140:cZ>23&
dZ«140:eZ«-44:iZ=0:jZ=96
FOR kZ«23i TO 97 8TEP-1
fZ«16fRND(l):PERF0RH pencolor(ZfZ)
PERFORH lovetoiZaZ.ZcZ)
PERFORH lineto(ZgZ,ZhZ)
PERFORH lineto(ZdZ,ZeZ)
PERFORH Iineto(ZiZ,ZjZ)
PERFORH lineto(ZaZ,ZcZ)
gZ>gZ-zZ:hZshZ-zZ:dZ>dZtzZ:eZ«eZ+zZ
iZ»iZ+zZ:jZ«jZ*zZ:aZ«aZ-zZ:cZ»cZ-zZ
NEXT kZ
TEXT: END

IF KBD«27 THEN POP: TEXT: HOHE: END
ON KBD 60T0 1000
RETURN

ON THREE

/// /// /// ///

///

/// /// /// /// /// /// /// ///

Lazarus /// (Undelete
your deleted files!)

How much are your important data files worth? $100, $1000?
Even ifyou back upyourfiles regularly, the one fileyou accidentally
delete will be the one you haven't ever backed up.

Wouldn't it be great if you could somehow regain those files you
deleted? Well, with Lazarus /// - you can! Very easy to use, just
insert the diskette with the files you deleted and Lazarus /// will
recover it. Completely user friendly, this program has on-line help
and tutonal screens to aid in the use of the program. It even works
with ProFile and other disk drives!

If you order this program today, you can get it for the pre-
introductory price of $24.95. Orders postmarked after July 30,
1983 will be sold at the full pnce of $29.95. This program will be
shipped on July 30, so place your order today for the best Apple
/// utility in town. Please add $1.50 for shipping and handling.

Disk Of the Month

Do you have the time to type in the programs in each issue of ON
THREE? Wouldn't it be great if there was a way to get all the
programs without having to type them in? - There is, all you have to
do is buy the disk!

DOM # 1 - Extra Disk Space Plus!

This disk contains all the programs contained in the January and
February-March issues ofON THREE. Included areDiskPakI, which
will give you four extra blocks of disk space on all your data disks (a
very handy feature for those budget conscious people who don't
have a hard disk!),- Disk Pak2, which lists the files on a directory
using Pascal; all of the Graphics and Sound Demos and much,
much more!

DOM #2 - Changing the Characters
Of Your Printer

This diskcontains-a program that will do a most amazing thing, it
will enable you to change the characters that your Apple Dot
Matrix (or Prowriter) printer prints with. Now your DMP can print
with the same characters that dre shown on your text screen. Fancy
Gothic letters and many other fonts are now available to use on
your printer. Complete documentation makes this program very
easy to use. Also included on this disk is a program to list the files
on an Apple ][ DOS diskette and many more graphic
demonstrations.

For only $9.95 (plus $1 .50 for postage and handling) you can get
either of these great packages. If you want to order both you can
get them for the extra low pnce of $15.00 (plus $2.00 for postage
and handling). Order today!

Group rates are as follows:

2-9 disks: $7.50 apiece + $2 total shipping

10-24 disks: $7.00 apiece + $3 total shipping

over 24 disks: $6.50 apiece + $4 total shipping

Group rates must have one mailing address. Please use the
attached envelope for orders. If the envelope is missing, send to:
ON THREE
Attn: ORDER DEPT.
P.O. Box 3825
Ventura, California 93006

ON THREE O'clock

Calling all you time conscious Apple /// owners out there. How
would you like a working clock/calendar foryourApple///? Just
as it was originally intended, this kit comes complete with a plug in
clock chip with a battery backup.

With ON THREE O'Clock installed, any timeyou save or modify a
file, the current time and date will be stored on disk. Thus you will
now be able to tell which file you last worked on. Your programs
can now use the Apple /// built-in date and time routines to give
you an up to the second read-out of what time it is.

Extremelyeasyto install and adjust, it is completely compatible
with SOS and doesn't use up a slot! This is the one you have been
waiting for! The package contains comprehensive instructions and
a Six Month Warranty! Try to get that deal anywhere else!

What's the best part? - The price! While others are selling theirs
for $60 and up, we have broken the $50 barrier. Heck, we broke the
$40 barrier!

For only $39.95 (plus $2.50 for postage and handling) you can
get the best little clock in town!

Group rates are as follows:

2-9 clock sets: $36.50 apiece + $5 total shipping
10-24 clock sets: $33.25 apiece + $7 total shipping
over 24 clock sets: $31 .00 apiece + $9 total shipping
Group rates must have one mailing address. Please use the
attached envelope for orders. If the envelope is missing, send to:

ON THREE

Attn: ORDER DEPT.

P.O. Box 3825

Ventura, California 93006

For prices that ore out of this uuorld...

Buy ON THR€€ products!

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